Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood: Predictors and Adolescent Outcomes

This study examined gender differences in the level and developmental course of relational aggression in middle childhood, as well as early predictors and outcomes of relational aggression, after controlling for concurrent physical aggression. Relational (RAgg) and Physical aggression (PAgg) scores for 558 boys and 545 girls at the ages of eight to 11 in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) were created by combining the highest rating for each item across mother and teacher reports. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using latent curve models of RAgg with PAgg as a time‐varying covariate, with all parameters allowed to vary by gender. Boys and girls had different growth parameters of RAgg. Girls' RAgg intercept was higher, and the slope was not different from zero; boys' RAgg intercept was lower, and the slope declined. Mother–child conflict in early childhood predicted RAgg intercept for both boys and girls, but maternal harsh control and sensitivity were also uniquely predictive for girls whereas center care was uniquely predictive for boys. RAgg intercept predicted adolescent self‐reports of depression for girls and delinquency and risk‐taking for both boys and girls; the magnitude of the association with risk taking was significantly greater for boys.     

(Visual) Disability – from exclusive perspectives to inclusive differences

By introducing the concept ‘inclusive differences’ of disability this paper suggests that disability is the outcome of historically specific, embodied human and non‐human configurations fabricated within the conduct of everyday life. Inclusive differences question the attempt given by exclusive perspectives that try to divide analytically, conceptually or politically ‘disability’ a priori into an individual (natural) bodily impairment or a purely socio‐cultural attributed disability. Applying the concept of inclusive differences, neither the domain of ‘nature’ nor ‘society’ can function as a disability’s self‐explanatory force. Rather, inclusive differences highlight the connection between human and non‐human relations that make up the different enabling and/or disabling scenarios of societal realities. Drawing on the practices of blind people in a visual culture this paper discusses related specificities of inclusive differences.     

团队认知多样性、知识共享与团队创新绩效——基于包容性领导的调节效应检验

基于对86个团队的实证调查,探讨团队认知多样性对团队创新绩效的影响,并检验知识共享和包容性领导在以上关系中所起的中介作用和调节作用,层次回归分析结果表明：1）团队认知多样性对团队创新绩效有显著正向影响;2）团队知识共享部分中介了这一正向关系;3）包容性领导对此中介过程有显著的正向调节作用,包容性领导越高,该中介作用越强,反之则不显著。得到的管理启示有：1）为应对创新发展的挑战,团队应考虑员工构成的多样性;2）在团队管理中,领导要能包容成员的认知多样性。     

Kinship and Population Subdivision

The coefficient of kinship between two diploid organisms describes their overall genetic similarity to each other relative to some base population. For example, kinship between parent and offspring of 1/4 describes gene sharing in excess of random sharing in a random mating population. In a subdivided population the statistic F _st describes gene sharing within subdivisions in the same way. Since F _st among human populations on a world scale is reliably 10 to 15%, kinship between two individuals of the same human population is equivalent to kinship between grandparent and grandchild or between half siblings. The widespread assertion that this is small and insignificant should be reexamined.     

中印两国增长包容性“不合理趋同”问题

实现包容性增长对促进增长收益的合理分配与社会稳定具有重要性,本文在分析包容性增长长期价值的基础上,探讨从改革启动到金融危机之前,中国和印度两国包容性增长的"不合理趋同"及其差异性,并从制度层面研究了中印两国包容性增长差异以及"不合理趋同"产生的重要根源。强调实现包容性增长对中国与印度经济可持续发展的意义。     

新西兰托幼一体化课程纲要介绍与启示

学前教育应当为儿童提供什么样的经验以及如何组织这些经验,将直接影响儿童的成长与发展。随着托幼一体化成为我国学前教育发展的趋势,寻求建设一体化课程体系的有效路径是我国亟须解决的问题。新西兰已建立起比较完善的托育在内的托幼一体化课程标准,从培养目标、内容、实施到评价等一系列经验,给世界各国提供了典型借鉴。目前,我国托幼一体化课程建设处于探索阶段,相关研究比较有限。本文通过解析新西兰托幼一体化课程纲要的逻辑起点和内容要素,以期为破解我国托幼一体化课程体系的建构提供思考方向。     

Textbook Affordability in the Time of COVID-19

Abstract

This article provides a background of the textbook affordability problem affecting students attending United States higher education institutions, both prior to and during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as potential solutions to the problem. Solutions discussed include the availability of open materials in online repositories, publisher responses like inclusive access, institutional incentive programs, and initiatives by library consortia or other statewide programs. The responses of various stakeholders to make textbooks accessible to students during the pandemic are also covered.     

Inclusive education policy provision in South African research universities

The 4-A Framework suggests that all inclusive education systems must be available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable. South Africa is committed to establishing an inclusive education system that does not exclude students with disabilities. South African university disability policies translate the imperatives of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities into institutional mandates that govern the implementation of inclusive education. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent disability policies at South African research-intensive universities addressed the markers contained in the 4-A Framework. The framework was reworked and operationalised for the higher education context, and expanded to include a fifth marker, namely affordability. A deductive thematic analysis, using a protocol based on the five markers, was used to analyse these policies. Results indicate that, of the five markers, affordability was not sufficiently addressed. Various disclaimers also limit policy provisions related to other markers.     

Teachers’ Perceptions of Childcare and Preschool Expulsion

Previous research outlines the correlates of childcare expulsion in the USA, yet researchers know little about how these correlates produce expulsion. This in‐depth qualitative analysis of 30 childcare providers’ accounts of expulsion finds a patterned process to expulsion: Teachers search for causes and solutions to challenging behaviours. When interventions fail, overwhelmed teachers shift their focus from ‘struggling’ children to ‘bad families’. Once the explanation of behaviour changes from within to outside of the child, expulsion is imminent. Interventions in teachers’ understandings, not only in children's behaviours, are discussed as a possible way to reduce expulsion.     

地方政府推进城镇小区配套幼儿园治理的政策与反思——基于27 份省级政策文本分析

以27 份省级的城镇小区配套幼儿园治理文本为对象，采用内容分析法，按照“治理要求”、“治理任务”、“治理步骤”和 “治理措施”四个维度，进而形成编码表并归类政策文本的具体内容。借助NVivo-12 质性分析软件对政策文本进行处理，进而 探究地方政府城镇小区配套幼儿园治理文本的内容结构及其存在问题。研究发现：治理方案趋同性强、地方性不足；治理过程 泛化、对治理的现实问题认识不够；治理周期迅速、但治理效果有待评估；治理措施系统、但操作性不强；治理主体多元，但协作 水平不高。在此基础上提出地方政府推进城镇小区配套幼儿园治理方面的建议：重视地区差异，促使治理贴切地方实际；加强 治理措施的可操作性，细化分类精准施策；明晰前期整改结果，强化治理效果的后期评估；学习协同治理观念，提高多部门协作 水平。