‘There’s a lot of places I’d like to go and things I’d like to do’: the daily living experiences of adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities during a time of personalised social care reform in the United Kingdom

Adult social care services in the United Kingdom have undergone a period of transformation over recent years, characterised by a drive towards personalised care. Concurrently, social care budgets have been significantly reduced. This study aimed to explore the daily living experiences of adults with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities, who are at risk of no longer meeting eligibility criteria for statutory support. Focus group discussions, which included both people with intellectual disabilities and support workers, were analysed thematically. Two broad themes are presented: independence and agency; and social capital and well-being. While some participants echoed ideas central to the personalisation narrative, a number of contextual barriers to achieving greater independence and agency were discussed. Moreover, greater independence was not a desired goal for all participants. The findings highlight the potential mismatch between personalised social care, as delivered within significant budget constraints, and the needs of adults with intellectual disabilities.     

Is the Precautionary Principle Really Incoherent?

The Precautionary Principle has been an increasingly important principle in international treaties since the 1980s. Through varying formulations, it states that when an activity can lead to a catastrophe for human health or the environment, measures should be taken to prevent it even if the cause‐and‐effect relationship is not fully established scientifically. The Precautionary Principle has been critically discussed from many sides. This article concentrates on a theoretical argument by Peterson (2006) according to which the Precautionary Principle is incoherent with other desiderata of rational decision making, and thus cannot be used as a decision rule that selects an action among several ones. I claim here that Peterson's argument fails to establish the incoherence of the Precautionary Principle, by attacking three of its premises. I argue (i) that Peterson's treatment of uncertainties lacks generality, (ii) that his Archimedian condition is problematic for incommensurability reasons, and (iii) that his explication of the Precautionary Principle is not adequate. This leads me to conjecture that the Precautionary Principle can be envisaged as a coherent decision rule, again.     

Testing independence based on Bernstein empirical copula and copula density

In this paper we provide three nonparametric tests of independence between continuous random variables based on the Bernstein copula distribution function and the Bernstein copula density function. The first test is constructed based on a Cramér-von Mises divergence-type functional based on the empirical Bernstein copula process. The two other tests are based on the Bernstein copula density and use Cramér-von Mises and Kullback–Leibler divergence-type functionals, respectively. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic null distribution of each of these test statistics. Finally, we consider a Monte Carlo experiment to investigate the performance of our tests. In particular we examine their size and power which we compare with those of the classical nonparametric tests that are based on the empirical distribution function.     

朱光潜《诗论》的诗学原理建构

通过苏州轨道交通1号线土建I TS 05标塔园路站～滨河路站区间隧道盾构施工，介绍在苏州富水粉砂地层中盾构综合施工技术。施工中，克服了富水砂层下盾构到达加固区水平长度不足的困难，使用了在加固区外再施工一圈止水帷幕桩的地基加固技术，该技术可以使三轴加固土体与止水帷幕桩组合形成一个范围更大的端头地基加固区域，并在盾构到达段掘进中合理使用管片壁后二次注浆和聚氨酯，成功地阻断微承压水在盾构到达时涌出的路径，从而解决了富水砂层下盾构到达施工的涌水、涌砂问题。通过使用,该技术保证了2台盾构安全成功接收，在富水粉砂地层具有适用性广、安全可控等优点。     

Risk Science Contributions: Three Illustrating Examples

This article aims to demonstrate that risk science is important for society, industry and all of us. Rather few people today, including scientists and managers, are familiar with what this science is about—its foundation and main features—and how it is used to gain knowledge and improve communication and decision making in real-life situations. The article seeks to meet this challenge, by presenting three examples, showing how risk science works to gain new generic, fundamental knowledge on risk concepts, principles, and methods, as well as supporting the practical tackling of actual risk problems.     

Tail asymptotic of discounted aggregate claims with compound dependence under risky investment

This paper considers the tail asymptotic of discounted aggregate claims with compound dependence under risky investment. The price of risky investment is modeled by a geometric Lévy process, while claims are modeled by a one-sided linear process whose innovations further obeying a so-called upper tail asymptotic independence. When the innovations are heavy tailed, we derive some uniform asymptotic formulas. The results show that the linear dependence has significant impact on the tail asymptotic of discounted aggregate claims but the upper tail asymptotic independence is negligible.     

“90后”大学生思政课教学新思路探析——以宁夏师范学院为例

＂90后＂大学生群体具有坚定的政治信仰、强烈的爱国热情、明确的价值取向;生活态度总体上积极健康,人生目标明确。但是由于各方面原因,这一群体对未来充满了不确定感,紧张、压抑、焦虑的情绪比较严重,如果不能妥善引导和疏通,情况堪忧。高校思政理论课在解决这些问题上发挥着重要作用。因此,思政课应从构建和谐师生关系和创新教学方法等方面,提高其教学实效性。     

Violence and political culture in Mozambique

This article is an attempt at developing a lens through which political culture in Mozambique can be analysed, described and interpreted. It is based on the notion of a political teleology that emerged out of the conditions within which the country fought for its independence. The paper argues that violence in a symbolic and physical form played a central role in the constitution of this political teleology by, on the one hand, allowing the liberation movement to produce an account of Mozambican history which both gave legitimacy to its own struggle while at the same time undermining alternative accounts and, on the other, set the scene for the implementation of a national project that came to be primarily concerned with the reproduction of the claim to power of the liberation movement. Forty years of independence in Mozambique offer an ideal time frame to attempt the construction of such a lens.     

论分享价值原则的文化战略学意义--十八届三中全会《决定》的理论解读

在“五位一体”框架中，探讨支撑国家整体发展战略的基本价值原则，乃是当代中国化马克思主义文化战略学的重要课题之一。中共十八届三中全会《决定》强调“让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本的活力竞相迸发”，要做到这一点，在市场之内的初次分配中，必须让“资本-劳动”分享利润，与此相对应的是一种与“平等”等密切相关的“分享”价值原则。《决定》有关“多渠道增加居民财产性收入”“保障农民公平分享土地增值收益”等重大举措，同样是在市场之内贯彻分享价值原则，而以民生为主的社会建设、以公共服务为主的文化事业则是在市场之外推行分享价值原则的主要方式。全面推行分享价值原则，既有利于坚定地推进新型市场化改革，同时也有利于保障平等、促进和谐、拓展自由，对内可以凝聚社会共识，激发国民创造力，对外则有助于在价值制高点上展现社会主义中国的文化魅力和感召力。     

破旧立新:从先发明原则到先申请原则——兼评美国专利改革法案

专利权作为私权,须明定其权利归属,同一个发明创造只能授予一项专利权,世界通行的做法采先申请原则,对最先提出专利申请的人以优先取得专利的权利,而美国一直以来采先发明原则。但是,受国际专利调和化运动影响,美国国会开始逐步努力转向采先申请原则,此次美国专利法变革即为其最终结果,尽管学界对于此次变革的前途争议不停,但从整体上来说,采先申请原则相较于先发明原则仍有其进步之处。