清真雅正与清代书院八股文教育

清真雅正是清代朝廷推行的衡文准则,包括在理、法、辞、气等方面有所要求。为了引导生徒作文步入正轨以及促进健康文风的形成,清代一些书院将清真雅正纳入八股文教育的范畴,清真雅正在书院学规、课艺甄选、课艺评点等内容中有着重要体现。为了便于生徒理解清真雅正,施教者要求研习明清时期八股文名家善本,用范文来指导习作。清代一些书院在进行清真雅正教育时,重视将为文上的开导与为人上的训迪结合起来,从而为国家培养品学兼优的科举人才,实现文学教育的崇高理想。     

Young adult carers: a literature review informing the re-conceptualisation of young adult caregiving in Australia

The experiences of young adult carers (YACs) have been vastly under-researched, particularly within Australian caregiving literature. This article explores the existence, extent and nature of informal young adult caregiving in Australia, defining YACs as individuals aged between 18 and 25 years who provide unpaid care or support to family members living with chronic illness or disability. The aim of this article is to provide a foundation for the re-conceptualisation of YACs as a distinct carer cohort who, without suitable recognition and specifically targeted support, may experience significantly reduced future life opportunities. The traditional, narrative-based review will first redefine YACs in accordance with overseas literary definitions and will then explore the complex nature and extent of young adult caregiving in Australia. Explanations as to why young adults are increasingly undertaking these informal caregiving roles and how YACs differentiate from their non-carer peers will then follow. Finally, three prominent paradigms, namely the clinical, social capital and carers' rights' perspectives, will be presented to establish a greater understanding of the implications, contextual experiences and unmet civil rights of YACs in Australia.     

西藏非正式制度对诱致性制度变迁方式的影响

西藏和平解放后,经济发展呈现出独特的非典型的二元结构,其主要原因在于藏传佛教传统观念、习俗等非正式制度的影响。诱致性制度变迁缺乏初级行动主体,信众财富积累异化。要实现西藏经济的腾飞,必须对藏传佛教进行适应性改革,并且加大教育投资力度,弥补人才匮乏。     

胡适杂文的艺术初论

本文从解读胡适杂文的文本入手,从文体结构、论证方法、行文造句及文学手法的运用诸方面探讨胡适杂文的表现艺术,指出胡适的杂文有三个突出的艺术特点:其一,结构严密。论证环环紧扣,说理极为有力。其二,清楚明白。一是思想清楚,观点明确;二是语言显浅,明白通俗。其三,议论形象。一是勾勒形象,说理可感;二是善用比喻、富于幽默,全文既通俗浅白,也还生动形象。     

西方人口流动模型及其对我国就业政策的启示

一个社会所能容纳的就业总量 ,除了受全社会的产出水平决定外 ,还受其它一些因素的影响。其中 ,人口的流动、特别是从农村向城市的人口流动会对一个国家的就业人数产生很大的影响。分析西方的人口流动模型 ,是为了探讨运用这些理论选择适合我国国情的就业政策。     

明代中前期程朱理学、八股文与文学创作的关系

八股文是明代统治者向天下士人灌输程朱理学的主要工具,其对文学创作的影响表现为渗透式影响及戏曲、小说等弱势文体向强势文体的主动靠拢与吸收,在这一过程中起决定作用的是明代的官方意识形态——程朱理学。三者交互作用最终构成了明代文学发展特定的历史背景及文化生态。     

随笔创作的误区与文化内涵的提升

作为散文艺术的派生和分支 ,随笔是与人们生活最为贴近的一种文学方式。随着社会的发展 ,学者随笔、作家随笔、职业随笔、小资随笔等几类随笔逐渐兴盛起来 ,各自呈现出独特的文化内涵。但是 ,随笔文学在繁荣的同时也出现了一些认识上的偏差 ,从而走入了几个误区。随笔创作要想在不断创新中健康发展 ,必须注意增强随笔的文化内涵 ,提升其艺术生命力 ,以达到真正的繁荣。     

民间金融发展能缩小城乡收入差距吗？--基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

利用20052011年中国省际面板数据和动态面板广义矩估计方法,实证研究了民间金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响及其机制。结果表明,民间金融发展能够显著地缩小我国城乡居民收入差距,而正规金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响并不显著;进一步研究其具体作用机制,发现民间金融对于城乡居民收入增加均有显著的促进作用,但较之于城镇居民,民间金融发展对于农村居民收入增长的推动作用更大,因而有助于缩小城乡居民收入差距。最后在总结研究结论的基础上给出相应的政策启示。     

散文随笔:调整与发展——90年代文学考论之一

中国文坛自 1990年下半年起 ,散文随笔突然走俏 ,并持续升温 ,至今不衰。从文学生命角度看 ,这是文学整体面对新的时代形势的一种自我调整。十年发展 ,形成三个突出特征 ,即作者队伍空前庞大、创作成果空前丰富、内容风格空前多样。就内容而言 ,思想、文化、人生 ,构成三种基本流向。“新潮”散文起步较晚 ,尚不成熟 ,但其显示的文体革新的意义 ,值得注意     

Out with Multiple Choice and In with Essays: A More Accurate Way to Measure Reading Comprehension

The certification test for English teachers in a certain state asked candidates to identify the name of the frog in Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." If students answered this question correctly and said, Dan'l Webster, does this mean that these students would be prepared for the teaching field? Conversely, if students answered this question incorrectly, does this mean they were ill - prepared for becoming teachers? Can such an irrelevant question really point to the knowledge and abilities of future teachers? Hardly, use of unimportant questioning such as this illustrates the main problem with using a multiple choice format when assessing students. Trivial items such as names of animals and other insignificant information are often given priority over their significance in the story simply because students are not able to demonstrate what they really know in narrative form (Smagorinsky, 2002).