A New Kuznetsian Dynamic: The Knowledge Economy and Income Inequality in the United States, 1917–2008

The rise of the knowledge economy resulted in higher levels of income inequality in the United States and forced many to question the Kuznets Inverted‐U hypothesis. However, this study argues that the establishment of a knowledge economy does not negate the importance of employment shifts for income inequality. Instead, the expansion of knowledge employment alters the major sectors that are responsible for the overall distribution of income. To this end, this article presents the key argument that the current service–knowledge transition impacts income inequality trends, of today, in a way that is similar to the agricultural–industrial transition, of the past. According to the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity regressions, the agricultural–industrial transition returns stronger associations with income inequality in the United States before 1950. The agricultural–industrial transition's impact diminishes thereafter as the service–knowledge transition shares a more robust association with income inequality after 1980.     

明代后期景德镇瓷业中资本主义萌芽的状态

明代后期,地处赣东北山区、交通不甚便利的江西景德镇却同经济较发达的苏、淞、嘉、杭地区一样出现资本主义生产关系的萌芽,表现在景德镇制瓷业中出现带有新的经济因素的手工工场和作坊、自由雇佣劳动力的广泛使用和作为商品经济的产物——瓷器拥有国内外广大市场.制瓷业的发展,不仅使景德镇产生了新的生产关系的萌芽,而且使景德镇成为当时"富甲一省"的地区,景德镇瓷器也成为明政府对外贸易、出口创汇的大宗商品,为明政府长期的对外贸易顺差作出了重要贡献.     

Has the Lewis Turning Point Arrived in China?—Theoretical Analysis and International Experience

各国农业劳动力占总劳动力的比重随着各国人均GDP增长呈现先加速下降而后减 速下降的趋势, 分界点就是刘易斯转折点。跨国平行数据的回归结果表明, 刘易斯转 折点在人均GDP为3,000-4,000美元 (购买力平价2000年国际美元) 之间出现。中国的 人均GDP超越了这一水平, 但农业劳动力比重远高于该经济发展水平下的世界平均水 平, 这很可能意味着中国的农业劳动力转移仍有较大潜力。

关键词: 刘易斯转折点 劳动力转移 跨国平行数据

Using World Bank cross-country panel data to estimate the economic development level that corresponds to the Lewis turning point, we find that as GDP per capita increases, the share of rural labor in the total labor force tends to decrease first at an accelerated rate and then, after passing the Lewis turning point, at a reduced rate. Regression analysis of cross- country panel data shows that the Lewis turning point is reached when GDP per capita reaches somewhere between US$3,000 and US$4,000 dollars (PPP, constant international US dollars for the year 2000). GDP per capita in China has exceeded this level, but the proportion of rural labor in the total labor force remains much higher than the average for countries at the same level of economic development. This may imply that there is still considerable potential for rural labor transfer in China.     

民营企业工会建设研究

民营企业建立工会组织以协调劳动关系和谐成为我国工会发展的工作重点。实践中民营企业工会建设存在组建工作力不从心、“工会热，政府冷”现象比较突出、民企职工权益受侵害现象大量存在、工会维权形式主义较为严重的问题。加强完善民营企业工会建设势在必行。     

我国劳动力供给优势减弱与劳动力转移的优化

近年来，对于我国劳动力供给优势减弱以及劳动力成本上升的问题，不少学者利用刘易斯模型分析了其原因，并提出各种促进、完善我国农村剩余劳动力转移机制的政策措施。文章仍从分析这一问题的经典模型——刘易斯模型入手，但重点借鉴了日本的成功经验，为促进我国农村剩余劳动力转移提出了一系列对策。     

吉林省劳务经济发展促进机制及环境研究

大力发展劳务经济，是当前解决吉林省“三农”问题的重要战略选择。但是，吉林省劳务经济发展总体上仍然存在农村劳动力输出就业结构不合理、农民劳务收入与全国平均水平差距较大等问题。从吉林省劳务经济发展的促进机制和环境方面入手，提出促进吉林省劳务经济发展的具体措施，以使吉林省劳务经济健康有序地发展。     

再论吉登斯的阶级结构化理论

作为新韦伯主义社会分层理论的重要一支，吉登斯的阶级结构化理论以市场能力与准技术关系为轴心进行社会分层，将阶级关系作为一种社会结构，在阶级活动和阶级结构的互动中考察各个阶层的流动。阶级关系结构化包括阶级意识、阶级冲突、阶级剥削三个要素。依据“分工的规律是阶级划分的基础”的原则，可以解析其理论认识上的得失，阐明其理论在中国当前构建和谐社会中的现实意义。     

生命伦理视域下我国强制隔离戒毒人员的尊严问题

当前，我国实行强制隔离戒毒的效果并不理想。从生命伦理学的视角看，强制隔离戒毒长期限制戒毒人员的人身自由，戒毒人员的人身安全和医疗救治得不到保障，有偿劳动难以落实，从而严重伤害了戒毒人员的心理尊严、生命尊严和劳动尊严。进行有尊严的戒毒改革，需变强制性、大规模隔离戒毒为自愿的、社区服务治疗为主的小规模隔离戒毒，变劳动康复与社区戒毒就业安置为行为治疗及与社会接轨的职业技能培训，并发放最低生活保障金，鼓励其参与正常就业竞聘、实现自我价值，以保护戒毒人员“做人”的尊严和生命尊严，重塑戒毒人员的社会尊严和人格尊严。有尊严的戒毒将成为未来社会戒毒的主导模式和戒毒改革的努力方向。     

劳动合同理论研究

本文分析劳动合同的可执行特征和在可执行要求下,劳动合同条款须具备可检验性,这要求明确期限和工资,同时劳动强度与劳动范围却是模糊的.进一步阐释劳动合同中劳动强度与劳动范围的模糊性的原因以及在劳动合同中劳动强度与劳动范围的模糊性情况下,相关制度安排怎样抑制雇佣双方机会主义行为,雇佣双方退出权的不对称是有效抑制雇佣双方机会主义行为的安排.     

No place called home: the causes and social consequences of the UK housing ‘bubble’

This paper examines the key causes and social consequences of the much debated UK ‘housing bubble’ and its aftermath from a multidimensional sociological approach, as opposed to the economic perspective of many popular discussions. This is a phenomenon that has affected numerous economies in the first decade of the new millennium. The discussion is based on a comprehensive study that includes exhaustive analysis of secondary data, content and debate in the mass media and academia, primary data gathered from the monitoring of weblogs and forums debating housing issues, and case histories of individuals experiencing housing difficulties during this period. This paper is intended to provide a broad overview of the key findings and preliminary analysis of this ongoing study, and is informed by a perspective which considers secure and affordable housing to be an essential foundation of stable and cohesive societies, with its absence contributing to a range of social ills that negatively impact on both individual and collective well being. Overall, it is argued that we must return to viewing decent, affordable housing as an essential social resource, that provides the bedrock of stable individual, family and community life, while recognizing that its increasing treatment as a purely economic asset is a key contributor to our so‐called ‘broken society’.