新型高压静电解冻柜设计

针对肉食品专营店和餐饮店对冷冻肉的解冻需求,设计研制了一台新型高压静电解冻柜。该解冻柜采用了高压静电解冻技术。设计了基于可编程逻辑控制器( PLC)的控制系统,可自动调控解冻柜温湿度和电场强度。根据设计性能参数,计算了解冻过程所需加热、制冷负荷和加湿蒸汽量。经解冻实验表明,该解冻柜能缩短解冻时间,降低汁液流失率,抑制微生物的繁殖,且解冻后肉样外观新鲜,肉色泽鲜红,具有实际应用价值。     

Inventory Management for Customers with Alternative Lead Times

It is common for suppliers operating in batch‐production mode to deal with patient and impatient customers. This paper considers inventory models in which a supplier provides alternative lead times to its customers: a short or a long lead time. Orders from patient customers can be taken by the supplier and included in the next production cycle, while orders from impatient customers have to be satisfied from the on‐hand inventory. We denote the action to commit one unit of on‐hand inventory to patient or impatient customers as the inventory‐commitment decision, and the initial inventory stocking as the inventory‐replenishment decision. We first characterize the optimal inventory‐commitment policy as a threshold type, and then prove that the optimal inventory‐replenishment policy is a base‐stock type. Then, we extend our analysis to models to consider cases of a multi‐cycle setting, a supply‐capacity constraint, and the on‐line charged inventory‐holding cost. We also evaluate and compare the performances of the optimal inventory‐commitment policy and the inventory‐rationing policy. Finally, to further investigate the benefits and pitfalls of introducing an alternative lead‐time choice, we use the customer‐choice model to study the demand gains and losses, known as demand‐induction and demand‐cannibalization effects, respectively.     

司法体制综合配套改革视域下法院司法行政事务集约化管理研究

通过司法体制主体工程之省级统管改革,法院司法资源的外部配置由同级政权上收至省级,这为我国法院司法行政事务集约化改革奠定了重要的主体框架基础,即中央和省级共治的管理体制。但是,目前司法资源在具体配置方面仅实现了“集”, “约”还存在明显不足。在司法体制综合配套改革背景下,有必要进一步促进法院司法行政事务的集约化改革,实现现代法院组织去地方化与去行政化改革目标。在具体路径上,现代法院管理理念应该促进法院内设机构的全面革新,推动法院与人大等部门外部新型关系的构建,完善司法行政事务集约化管理制度：法院“职业经理人”制度、法院经费透明管理制度、建立法院行政事务标准化指南、法院信息化建设等。     

数字经济发展的碳减排效应研究——基于223个地级市的实证检验

发展数字经济是有效降低城市碳排放强度的重要抓手。利用2016—2020年中国223个地级市面板数据,实证研究了数字经济发展对城市碳减排效应的影响。研究发现:数字经济发展能够降低城市碳排放强度;数字经济发展通过提高能源环境效率和推进产业结构高级化、合理化等渠道降低城市碳排放强度;战略性新兴产业创新能力加强了数字经济发展对碳排放强度的抑制作用。数字经济发展在降低城市碳排放强度的进程中存在双重门槛,只有在数字经济发展超过特定门槛值时,碳减排效应才会显著,且其效应呈现出递减特征。异质性分析表明,数字经济发展能降低非中心城市和非资源型城市碳排放强度,但对降低中心城市和资源型城市碳排放强度的影响不显著。因此,政府应积极抓住大数据、云计算、人工智能等“新基建”的发展机遇,夯实数字经济基础底座,实现城市碳减排。     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

Impact of technology-intensive exports on GDP of Western Balkan Countries

This paper aims to determine, by means of regression analysis, which exported product groups, categorized according to their technological intensity, have the greatest effect on the movements in the volume of GDP p/c of the Western Balkan Countries (WBCs). The analysis, based on statistical-econometric methodology, includes 16 commodity groups per each WBC (Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; FYR Macedonia; Montenegro; Serbia). The data were collected and presented in accordance with the HS4 system classification, which is also used for development of the ITC’s Trade Map. The results of the analysis show that those commodity groups produced by medium-low and low technology industries have the greatest effect on the change in the volume of GDP p/c in all WBCs in the period 2005–2015.     

A Study of Interval Censoring in Parametric Regression Models

Parametric models for interval censored data can now easily be fitted with minimal programming in certain standard statistical software packages. Regression equations can be introduced, both for the location and for the dispersion parameters. Finite mixture models can also be fitted, with a point mass on right (or left) censored observations, to allow for individuals who cannot have the event (or already have it). This mixing probability can also be allowed to follow a regression equation.Here, models based on nine different distributions are compared for three examples of heavily censored data as well as a set of simulated data. We find that, for parametric models, interval censoring can often be ignored and that the density, at centres of intervals, can be used instead in the likelihood function, although the approximation is not always reliable. In the context of heavily interval censored data, the conclusions from parametric models are remarkably robust with changing distributional assumptions and generally more informative than the corresponding non-parametric models.     

农民互联网应用采纳决策及应用强度影响因素研究——基于北京郊区712名农民的调查数据

信息化基础设施的快速推进并没有缩小城乡互联网应用差距,研究影响农民互联网应用采纳的因素,对于制定有效的农村“互联网+”推进策略具有重要意义。以北京郊区712名农民的调查数据为依据,采用Logit模型和泊松模型,对农民使用互联网应用的需求意愿和采纳强度的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,受教育程度、转移就业状况、对互联网应用的认知感受对农民采纳决策和采纳强度有显著正向作用;非农就业收入和经营收入对采纳强度影响显著,但对采纳决策没有显著影响;以往的信息化推广措施对农民采纳决策和采纳强度作用有限。为此,应针对农民需求开发实用、易用的互联网应用,加强使用技能培训,让农民从“互联网＋农业”中获益。     

异质性技术创新对碳强度的影响——基于全球专利数据

基于全球专利数据库（PATSTAT）,采用高价值专利统计方法,测算各国在汽车、燃料、照明和能源生产四大领域内清洁技术和污染技术的创新水平;再利用1996-2011年全球15个经济体的面板数据,分析不同类别技术创新对碳强度的影响。实证结果显示:在汽车、燃料、照明和能源生产4个领域内,中国清洁技术和污染技术的创新指标皆呈现出上升趋势,且前者提升速度更快。不同类别技术创新对碳强度的影响存在差异,即清洁技术创新存在显著的抑制作用,污染技术创新存在显著的促进作用,且碳强度变化对后者的敏感性更高。为了避免清洁技术创新的碳强度抑制效果被污染技术创新所抵消,有必要将经济资源更多地配置于清洁技术研发活动中,并逐步消除对污染技术创新的政策支持。     

《通雅》词汇研究方法的创新

《通雅》具有一定的词汇研究性质,因此拟对《通雅》词汇研究方法进行探讨,以彰显其词汇学价值。《通雅》研究词汇,在归纳法和演绎法的运用上均有突破前人之处。运用归纳法研究词汇,在论证材料上有所突破,主要表现为:扩展了文献材料的范围,发掘口语语料的价值,重视实际见闻的作用;运用演绎法研究词汇,能够对结论进行较为谨慎的审核和较为充分的证明,其演绎所本的理论相对来说比较科学,因而能够得出一些有价值的结论。