Burnout and impaired cognitive functioning: The role of executive control in the performance of cognitive tasks

Abstract

Burnout patients often report deficits in cognitive control, and there is a need to understand the processes involved. Drawing on recent findings, we hypothesized that emotional exhaustion and task-related demands on executive control would interact in predicting performance in tasks requiring the updating and monitoring of working memory as well as the inhibition of prepotent (dominant or automatic) responses. In accordance with recent conceptualizations of burnout, we focused on emotional exhaustion as the core symptom of burnout. The sample comprised 81 employees recruited from nursing homes for elderly care in Germany, who participated in a laboratory study involving cognitive tasks. Based on a median split, participants were divided into two groups: those with high burnout and those with low burnout. In line with our hypotheses, the high exhaustion participants performed less well than those with low exhaustion only when tasks put high demands on their executive control. As predicted, high levels of emotional exhaustion were associated with more errors and longer reaction times when demands on executive control were high, whereas no performance differences were found when both tasks put low demands on executive control. The implications for practice are discussed.     

中国文学现代性的空间体验——兼与李欧梵先生商榷

李欧梵先生挖掘中国文学现代性的颓废面向意义重大,但他认为此种现代性的被压抑源于西方启蒙思想的影响,进而提出西方启蒙思想对中国影响最大的是时间观念的论断,这是值得商榷的。启蒙思想对中国时间观念的影响,并非如李先生所言如此巨大。从中国现代性的发生,利玛窦的地图开始部分瓦解中国天朝中心观念,到中国文学世界由于发现另一空间,由之更重视自身的空间体验,都可看出对现代性的空间的重视。     

基于教学优势获得的概念图构建与应用研究

本文在概念图内涵分析的基础上,从图表特征、原则、步骤及教学的视觉优势、研究优势、评价优势、交流优势等角度研究了教学概念图的构建,并探讨了如何应用概念图和谐教师、学生、课程之间的教学关系以及利用概念图实现课程有效多元化教学,最后,对未来概念图教学的相关研究进行了展望。     

参数可变的多混沌映射加密系统

利用混沌映射具有对初值和系统参数的敏感性以及轨道的不确定性,提出一种基于多个一维混沌映射的加密算法。该加密算法使用线性同余随机数发生器产生混沌映射的系统参数和3个一维混沌映射的使用顺序,同时通过输出反馈方式动态改变混沌映射初值、迭代次数以及线性同余随机数发生器参数。实验结果和安全性分析表明,该算法密钥空间大,具有对明文和密钥的敏感性,能有效抵抗选择明文等穷举攻击和统计分析攻击。     

思维导图在教学中的应用探讨

认为思维导图以图示的方式,生动形象地呈现了我们思考问题的过程,指出在教学中引入思维导图,改变传统的教学模式,为学生提供更大的思维能力发展的舞台,有助于我们在教育教学中取得突破性的收获。     

Robot Map Verification of a Graph World

In the map verification problem, a robot is given a (possibly incorrect) map M of the world G with its position and orientation indicated on the map. The task is to find out whether this map, for the given robot position and its orientation in the map, is correct for the world G. We consider the world model of a graph G = (V _G, E _G) in which, for each vertex, edges incident to the vertex are ordered cyclically around that vertex. (This also holds for the map M = (V _M, E _M.) The robot can traverse edges and enumerate edges incident on the current vertex, but it cannot distinguish vertices (and edges) from each other. To solve the verification problem, the robot uses a portable edge marker, that it can put down at an edge of the graph world G and pick up later as needed. The robot can recognize the edge marker when it encounters it in the world G. By reducing the verification problem to an exploration problem, verification can be completed in O(|V _G| × |E _G|) edge traversals (the mechanical cost) with the help of a single vertex marker which can be dropped and picked up at vertices of the graph world (G. Dudek, M. Jenkin, E. Milios, and D. Wilkes, IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, vol. 7, pp. 859–865, 1991; Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 22(2), pp. 159–178, 1997). In this paper, we show a strategy that verifies a map in O(|V _M|) edge traversals only, using a single edge marker, when M is a plane embedded graph, even though G may not be planar (e.g., G may contain overpasses, tunnels, etc.).     

略论北仑经济新一年发展重点

文章阐述了北仑区2000年经济工作的6个重点,即扩大对外开放、优化经济结构、深化体制改革、推进科教兴区、加快城市化步伐、改善投资环境,并提出了具体措施。     

新世纪教育的使命:应对知识经济的挑战

论述了知识经济的本质特征 ,即强调对人才的创造性 ,并以此为基础分析了在知识经济年代 ,教育工作应改革陈旧的观念和制度体系 ,把握发展的机遇 ,适应时代的要求     

中国区块链热点领域与前沿路径——基于CiteSpace计量分析

通过可视化知识图谱，研究区块链领域的应用、实践动向以及重点需要关注的技术层面，提出未来我国区块链领域发展的相关建议。文章选取2014年1月至2019年4月中国知网中核心期刊的794篇文章，应用CiteSpace可视化软件对其进行LLR网络聚类、关键词共现、时间演化、数据量化等分析。研究结果发现，国内对区块链研究呈现学科交叉的趋势，主要涉及金融业、电子科技业、媒体业，但创新研究还处在萌芽阶段，尚未形成完整的区块链技术理论体系，对区块链隐私保护问题以及法律风险的监管研究也在探索中。     

关于移位自映射浑沌性的简化证明

本文通过构造符号空间与[0,1]的可逆对应,证明了符号空间上的移位自映射是浑沌的,简化了文[2]的证明。