Robust projection indices

Loosely speaking a robust projection index is one that prefers projections involving true clusters over projections consisting of a cluster and an outlier. We introduce a mathematical definition of one-dimensional index robustness and describe a numerical experiment to measure it. We design five new indices based on measuring divergence from Student's t -distribution which are intended to be especially robust: the experiment shows that they are more robust than several established indices. The experiment also reveals more generally that the robustness of moment indices depends on the number of approximation terms, providing additional practical guidance for existing projection pursuit implementations. We investigate the theoretical properties of one new Student t -index and Hall's index and show that the new index automatically adapts its robustness to the degree of outlier contamination. We conclude by outlining the possibilities for extending our experiments to both higher dimensions and other new indices.     

论"三"是思维的一个重要语言工具

"三"在空间维度、时间维度、实践维度上的思维表现都是十分活跃的.究其原因,是"三"这个词所特有的含义的反映,是思维内在逻辑的外在显现.     

诗歌原型中的角色与面具

集体表象是物象的图腾的崇拜观念,浓缩了氏族的神力,是原始兴象的"他物",成为原始意义上的象征面具,在沟通古今生存活动时的有原型意味的诗歌创作中,成为审美体验的内核与精神源头。     

隐喻的分类及其认知功能探索

文章通过综合Lakoff＆Johnson,GeorgeLakoff,BipinIndurkhya,Mey,Ungerer＆Schmid等学者关于隐喻的论述,将隐喻分为结构隐喻,方位隐喻,本体隐喻和创造相似性的隐喻等四种类型并讨论了它们的认知功能;并探索性地运用投射性隐喻过程来解释由Joos提出,易仲良发展了的英语动词过去时"距离性"语法意义拓展的过程。     

基于参数投影寻踪模型的黑龙江省农村小学经费效益分析

黑龙江省农村小学经费使用效益低下,文章以黑龙江等七个省份作为对比评价分析对象,以决定农村小学使用经费效益的六项指标的七个省2004年数据为分析依据,进行参数投影寻踪分析,挖掘其问题的主要原因是农村小学的学校规模变小和农村小学生的减少导致的小学教师相对过剩,进而提出扩大学校规模和裁减、淘汰教师冗员的解决方案.     

领主属宾句的轻动词集合并探讨

生成语法对领主属宾句的研究由来已久,以管约论为支撑的轻动词说虽然具有一定的解释力,但已远远落后于生成语法理论的快速发展。在当前的最简方案框架中,探针触发内部合并,选择器则可以看做是外部合并的触发机制。轻动词在运算中以抽象的语义类型特征和语义指向特征为选择器,不仅可以解释v-V集合并的触发,也可以解释领主属宾句的生成原因。     

彼得·伯格的“方法论上的无神论”

作为社会学家们研究宗教时所采取的一种立场,彼得·伯格的"方法论上的无神论"被广为接受,但亦不乏争议。该文研究发现,"方法论上的无神论"概念的结构可简单表述为在社会学理论化的参照框架之内,研究者们必须把"超自然者"、"宗教对真理的诸种声称"和"涉及到非经验的实在的宗教经验"严格地加上括号;并且,宗教必须被看成是人类的投射和产物。     

Construction of some new families of nested orthogonal arrays

Nested orthogonal arrays have been used in the design of an experimental setup consisting of two experiments, the expensive one of higher accuracy being nested in a larger and relatively less expensive one of lower accuracy. In this paper, we provide new methods for constructing two types of nested orthogonal arrays.     

Methods of Estimation on New Born Baby and Construction of Monitoring System under the New Fertility Policy

Abstract： China＇s basic medical care system has achieved universal coverage, laced the system transformation with substance fair. Under the transformation background from universal coverage to integration on urban and rural areas, and the transformation direction from the ＂medical care＂ to ＂health for all＂, through the institutional transition path on system design, service delivery, financial support, this paper points out that how to improve quality of medical care and optimizing the level of health care services, match sustainable funding system and improving payment system, which in public health, medical services, medical care and medicine supply, realize the transtbrmation and the development from universal medical care to health care.     

Autocovariance Estimation in Regression with a Discontinuous Signal and m‐Dependent Errors: A Difference‐Based Approach

We discuss a class of difference‐based estimators for the autocovariance in nonparametric regression when the signal is discontinuous and the errors form a stationary m‐dependent process. These estimators circumvent the particularly challenging task of pre‐estimating such an unknown regression function. We provide finite‐sample expressions of their mean squared errors for piecewise constant signals and Gaussian errors. Based on this, we derive biased‐optimized estimates that do not depend on the unknown autocovariance structure. Notably, for positively correlated errors, that part of the variance of our estimators that depend on the signal is minimal as well. Further, we provide sufficient conditions for ‐consistency; this result is extended to piecewise Hölder regression with non‐Gaussian errors. We combine our biased‐optimized autocovariance estimates with a projection‐based approach and derive covariance matrix estimates, a method that is of independent interest. An R package, several simulations and an application to biophysical measurements complement this paper.