论政治语言的结构

分析和研究政治语言的系统结构及结构要素之间的相互关系 ,是研究政治语言的重要内容 ,有利于更好地认识和把握政治语言。政治语言结构是一种特殊的层级系统 ,其要素包括符号、符号系统、符码、文本、语境和话语。政治语言结构的要素之间相互作用、相互关联 ,共同构成了政治语言的系统 ,并以其特有的方式表达政治意义 ,服务于政治活动     

Residual analysis for spatial point processes (with discussion)

Summary.  We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and we propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, kernel smoothed intensity and Berman's diagnostic) are recovered as special cases. Diagnostic tools are developed systematically, by using an analogy between our spatial residuals and the usual residuals for (non-spatial) generalized linear models. The conditional intensity λ plays the role of the mean response. This makes it possible to adapt existing knowledge about model validation for generalized linear models to the spatial point process context, giving recommendations for diagnostic plots. A plot of smoothed residuals against spatial location, or against a spatial covariate, is effective in diagnosing spatial trend or co-variate effects. Q – Q -plots of the residuals are effective in diagnosing interpoint interaction.     

刚体转动渐进跟踪控制的逆系统方法

逆系统方法是以非线性控制为目的,以直接分析为途径,以动态系统的逆概念为核心。该文将逆系统方法应用于刚体动力学中,运用非线性控制的逆系统方法设计Euler动力学方程的控制器,通过对一个陀螺的外力矩进行实施控制,使刚体在动坐标系下的角速度稳定跟踪指令,来实现对刚体转动的渐进跟踪控制。     

一类二阶变系数微分方程的解

通过变量变换 ,将变系数线性常微分方程化为常系数线性常微分方程 ,再利用常数变易法给出了一类二阶变系数非齐线性微分方程的通解。     

An individual measure of relative survival

Summary.  Relative survival techniques are used to compare survival experience in a study cohort with that expected if background population rates apply. The techniques are especially useful when cause-specific death information is not accurate or not available as they provide a measure of excess mortality in a group of patients with a certain disease. Whereas these methods are based on group comparisons, we present here a transformation approach which instead gives for each individual an outcome measure relative to the appropriate background population. The new outcome measure is easily interpreted and can be analysed by using standard survival analysis techniques. It provides additional information on relative survival and gives new options in regression analysis. For example, one can estimate the proportion of patients who survived longer than a given percentile of the respective general population or compare survival experience of individuals while accounting for the population differences. The regression models for the new outcome measure are different from existing models, thus providing new possibilities in analysing relative survival data. One distinctive feature of our approach is that we adjust for expected survival before modelling. The paper is motivated by a study into the survival of patients after acute myocardial infarction.     

学术期刊的一稿多投现象研究述评

对1994年以来有关学术期刊一稿多投现象的研究成果进行了综述.从一稿多投的定义、表现形式、形成原因、防范措施以及处罚措施等方面进行了总结和分析.     

On Block Updating in Markov Random Field Models for Disease Mapping

Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models are commonly used to model spatial correlation in disease mapping applications. For Bayesian inference by MCMC, so far mainly single-site updating algorithms have been considered. However, convergence and mixing properties of such algorithms can be extremely poor due to strong dependencies of parameters in the posterior distribution. In this paper, we propose various block sampling algorithms in order to improve the MCMC performance. The methodology is rather general, allows for non-standard full conditionals, and can be applied in a modular fashion in a large number of different scenarios. For illustration we consider three different applications: two formulations for spatial modelling of a single disease (with and without additional unstructured parameters respectively), and one formulation for the joint analysis of two diseases. The results indicate that the largest benefits are obtained if parameters and the corresponding hyperparameter are updated jointly in one large block. Implementation of such block algorithms is relatively easy using methods for fast sampling of Gaussian Markov random fields ( Rue, 2001 ). By comparison, Monte Carlo estimates based on single-site updating can be rather misleading, even for very long runs. Our results may have wider relevance for efficient MCMC simulation in hierarchical models with Markov random field components.     

论我国农业信贷资金的市场化效用

从农业生产主体的比较利益与经营风险分析入手，对农业市场化过程中信贷资金效用进行了深入研究，并针对我国农业经济发展的现状，提出了有关我国农业信贷资金体系建设以及农业生产资源配置等项工作的若干意见和建议。     

结构材料重点核素^60Ni的共振参数评价

利用多能级Breit-Wigner公式对^60Ni的全截面进行了计算，并将计算结果与BNL－325（四版）进行比较。利用实验核数据库EXFOR提供的全截面数据及实验条件，对^60Ni的可分辩区实验全截面进行了评价，推荐出一套可用于校验共振参数的实验全截面数据并与计算结果进行了比较。     

基于并行遗传算法的去相关多用户检测器

通过将码分多址通信系统中的最佳多用户检测视为组合优化问题,利用遗传算法能全局寻优的优势,提出了一种基于并行遗传算法的去相关多用户检测器。理论分析和仿真表明:该多用户检测器无论是抗多址干扰的能力还是抗远近效应的能力都明显优于传统的检测器和去相关多用户检测器;由于采用了基于“联姻”策略的并行遗传算法,使这种多用户检测器更易于实时应用和硬件实现。