赫德与戈登

赫德与戈登都是英国人,在太平天国时期,他们之间,合作得相当好。在中俄伊犁交涉时期,他们之间产生了矛盾,后来,又和好如初。他们的关系好坏,都与中国近代外交息息相关,很值得研究。     

基于集体行动视角的劳资议价能力探讨

立足当前存在的劳资分配关系问题,从集体行动的视角,应用奥尔森等人的集体行动理论,剖析了企业利益集团形成的机理,探讨了工人集体议价制度缺失的诱因,并考察了发达国家的相关历史情况,指出利益集团的非＂共容性＂会增加社会协调成本和交易成本而使经济发展进入僵化阶段,并引致劳动报酬比重持续走低。因此有必要从建立开放的市场准入秩序、完善要素谈判制度、构建＂共容性＂利益集团等三方面着手,提高工人报酬比重,保持经济持续增长。     

Tracing ‘driver’ versus ‘modulator’ information flow throughout large-scale,task-related neural circuitry

Primary objective: To determine the relative uses of neural action potential (‘spike’) data versus local field potentials (LFPs) for modeling information flow through complex brain networks. Hypothesis: The common use of LFP data, which are continuous and therefore more mathematically suited for spectral information-flow modeling techniques such as Granger causality analysis, can lead to spurious inferences about whether a given brain area ‘drives’ the spiking in a downstream area. Experiment: We recorded spikes and LFPs from the forelimb motor cortex (M1) and the magnocellular red nucleus (mRN), which receives axon collaterals from M1 projection cells onto its distal dendrites, but not onto its perisomatic regions, as rats performed a skilled reaching task. Results and implications: As predicted, Granger causality analysis on the LFPs—which are mainly composed of vector-summed dendritic currents—produced results that if conventionally interpreted would suggest that the M1 cells drove spike firing in the mRN, whereas analyses of spiking in the two recorded regions revealed no significant correlations. These results suggest that mathematical models of information flow should treat the sampled dendritic activity as more likely to reflect intrinsic dendritic and input-related processing in neural networks, whereas spikes are more likely to provide information about the output of neural network processing.     

空间不均匀的Boltzmann方程的稳定性

摘要：Boltzmann方程是描述稀薄气体变化规律的重要微分方程之一,如果方程的初始状态是真空附近的一个扰动,并且在无穷远处以幂指数形式快速收敛到零,同时分析了空间不均匀的Boltzmann方程的稳定性。为了得到该方程的稳定性,首先引入了几个非线性泛函并时它们作适当的估计,然后利用Gronwall不等式证明空间不均匀的Bohzmann方程的稳定性。     

具有多重势的分数阶非线性Schrodinger方程解的适定性

讨论了具有多重势的分数阶非线性Schrodinger方程的周期边值问题,利用能量估计和Faedo—Galerkin方法证明了该问题光滑解的整体存在唯一性     

On becoming a prostitute: An exploratory case‐comparison study

We examined the effects of sexual arousal on cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) elicited by electrical stimulation delivered to the skin over either the dorsal penile or posterior tibial nerve. The electrical stimuli were initiated by the subject pressing a button. In Experiment 1, a single stimulus was delivered immediately upon button press. In Experiment 2, a randomly spaced train of stimuli was delivered after a randomly varying delay. SEPs were obtained during (1) a baseline condition during which subjects viewed a non‐erotic videotape, (2) an arousal condition in which subjects viewed an erotic videotape, and (3) a post‐orgasm condition during which subjects again viewed the non‐erotic videotape. Amplitudes of SEP components elicited by stimulation of either nerve decreased with sexual arousal and tended to return towards baseline values in the post‐orgasm condition. The SEP components that showed these changes included slow potentials generated before and after stimulus delivery, as well as the vertex potentials, N100 and P200.     

The fourth shift: exploring the gendered nature of sleep disruption among couples with children

The study of sleep has been neglected within sociology, yet may provide insights into fundamental aspects of the nature of gender inequalities. This article examines how, for couples with children, sleep is influenced by the gendered nature of caring. A key concern is not only who gets up to care for children's physical needs at night, but whether this changes with women's increased role in the labour market. Of concern also is how changes in the nature of caring for older children, as opposed to young children, may impact on parents' sleep. This article analyses qualitative data from an ESRC funded multi-disciplinary project on couples' sleep based on in-depth audio-tape recorded interviews with 26 couples (aged 20-59) with younger and older children. Additionally, one week's audio sleep diaries were completed and follow up in-depth interviews were undertaken with each partner on an individual basis. Physical and emotional care for young children at night was largely provided by women, with a lack of explicit negotiation between partners about who provides this care, even when women return to employment. Thus, considerably more women than men continued their daytime and evening shifts, as well as undertaking an ongoing third shift of sentient activity for their family, into the night. This resulted in a fourth night-time shift where physical caring, and sentient activities continued. As a consequence, women were more likely to subjugate their own sleep needs to those of their family. Fathers did not, in general, undertake this fourth night-time shift. Those that did were more likely to be the fathers of young adult children who were staying out late at night, with the focus of their concerns being the safety of their children.     

农地确权与农民土地转出价格优势——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据的分析

利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011-2012年数据,采用Probit和倾向得分匹配方法,系统考察了农地确权对土地转出价格优势的影响。结果发现,在不考虑选择性偏误时,农地确权使得农户转出价格优势显著上升10%。在使用PSM方法消除偏误误差后,农地确权可以使农户转出价格优势提高约14.2%。研究表明,确权颁证有助于转出户获得市场价格优势和增加财产性收入,因此,为切实发挥农地确权提高土地价格优势的作用,要厘清土地产权边界和权属关系,形成有保障的承包经营权。     

论我国劳动基准法律制度的完善

针对《劳动基准法律制度》在制度设计和实践运作中存在的一些问题,从现实及理论对其进行分析,提出从劳动基准法律制度的指导思想入手,通过制定专门的《劳动基准法》,完善劳动基准实施的监督保障机制,维护劳动者集体谈判权,解决社会保险执行中的问题等方面对其完善的建议。     

Interview with martyn sloman

This interview, with one of the key advisors to the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, presents a wide ranging view of the changes in the field of learning, training and development over the past twenty years. It notes the shift from the top down interventions that characterised training, to processes within the domain of the learner. It outlines the biggest challenges going forward including the ever-widening range of stakeholders involved in delivering the human resource agenda and the changing shape of the people and development profession itself.