俄罗斯安全战略的演变与核裁军政策

俄罗斯的安全战略经历了继承、调整到逐步成熟的演变,这一演变过程也明显地反映在俄罗斯的核领域,深刻地影响了俄罗斯的核裁军政策。独立初期俄罗斯在核裁军领域对美国的巨大让步非但没有得到相应的回报,还使俄国家利益受损,国际地位进一步下降。俄安全战略的调整导致核裁军步伐放缓:从1993年到2000年的7年时间里,俄美核裁军领域未取得任何实质性进展。普京上台后俄罗斯安全战略已基本调整到位,俄核裁军也不再是为政治需要而实行的阶段性对策,而是服从于国家安全战略,服务于国家利益的一种长期、稳定的政策。未来俄罗斯核裁军政策的变化既取决于其安全战略的变化,也受到其经济发展水平的影响。     

关于培育我国核电企业核心竞争力的思考

文章初步定义了核电核心竞争力及其构成,在介绍国外核发达国家核电核心竞争力的基础上,对我国核电核心竞争力的现状及制约因素进行简述,并就如何培育我国核电核心竞争力提出了对策。     

环保产业发展的社会支撑系统

我国环境问题的特殊性,导致环保产业的发展存在一系列的制度障碍。如何创建一个相对有效和公平的激励体制,亦即社会支撑系统,从而促进环保产业的发展,是摆在决策者和研究者面前的一项紧迫任务。     

产业技术政策与山西传统产业新型化

山西传统产业尤其是煤焦、冶金、电力三大传统能源原材料行业在山西工业经济中占有举足轻重的地位。但这些传统产业当前面临环境污染问题突出、资源耗费严重、产业结构初级化等主要问题。通过传统产业新型化,利用高新技术和先进适用技术对传统产业进行改造和提升,努力降低其环境污染和资源消耗,提高其附加值和竞争力,从而不断提高传统产业内部新型产品的比重,将是山西经济发展和产业结构调整紧迫的任务和现实的选择。文章就运用产业技术政策推动山西传统产业新型化的必要性、山西传统产业新型化的技术发展重点与方向、产业技术政策核心措施、产业技术政策支撑措施等问题进行了探讨。     

调整西部地区产业结构发展优势产业和各具特色区域经济

我国西部地区虽然具有发展优势产业和各具特色的区域经济的有利条件,但当前西部地区产业结构 存在诸多问题。实施西部大开发,必须积极采取措施,调整产业结构,发展优势产业和各具特色的区 域经济,同时加强法制建设,保障西部地区产业结构调整顺利进行。     

"9·11"事件后美国反恐战略对南亚安全格局的影响

“9.11”事件及布什政府的反恐战略推动美国关注南亚地区的安全与稳定,同时印度与巴基斯坦围绕克什米尔的争端成为美国必须面对的重要挑战。印度、巴基斯坦加入反恐盟约并不能使印巴危机缓解,在美国反恐战略和印巴“核因素”的双重制约下,2002年印巴军事对峙最后成为双方解决争端、实现和平的难得机会,致使“9.11”事件及其后续发展成为推动南亚和平进程的重要催化剂。     

“十一五”时期太原市特色产业体系构建初探

“十一五”时期是太原市推进率先发展、构建和谐太原的关键时期,如何把资源优势转化为经济优势是推进太原率先发展的重要方面,而着力构建太原市特色产业体系是经济结构战略性调整的关键环节。文章首先研究了特色产业的内涵及构成以及特色产业体系的研究方法,接着对太原市优势性产业进行了科学定量分析和选择,其次对太原市的独特性产业即旅游服务业进行了论证说明,最后提出了由十三个特色产业构成的太原市“十一五”时期的特色产业体系。     

Does a Reactor Need a Safety Backfit? Case Study on Communicating Decision and Risk Analysis Information to Managers

An approach to communicating decision and risk analysis findings to managers is illustrated in a real case context. This article consists essentially of a report prepared for senior managers of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to help them make a reactor safety decision. It illustrates the communication of decision analysis findings relating to technical risks, costs, and benefits in support of a major risk management decision: whether or not to require a safety backfit. Its focus is on the needs of decision makers, and it introduces some novel communication devices.     

The Risks of Using Nuclear Energy Sources in Space: Some Lay Activists'Perceptions

A combination of directive and nondirective techniques was used to study the mental models of 30 lay activists regarding the risks of nuclear energy sources in space. Respondents'perceptions were compared with an "expert model" of the processes generating and controlling these risks, in terms of both the substance of their beliefs and several statistical measures of their performance. These analyses revealed a complex pattern of strengths and weaknesses. Their details are used to derive recommendations for formulating messages about these risks.     

Public Distrust and Hazard Management Success at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant

Based on experience gained while serving a public oversight commission appointed by the governor of Colorado, hazard management at the Department of Energy's Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant is reviewed. Specific reference is made to the plant's history of controversy, its defense-in-depth strategy of hazard control, occupational health issues, public exposure to plutonium, and the assessment of low-probability, high-consequence risks. This leads to the conclusion that Rocky Flats is, by any objective standard, a hazard management success. It follows that public distrust of Rocky Flats arises as much from fear and loathing of nuclear weapons themselves as from the manufacturing process by which they are made.