对素描教学的认识与思考

素描是造型艺术的基础，是基础课的重要组成部分，这个技术训练要有相应科学的教学方法，使技法和理论有机地融合在一起。     

Remedial Policies in Radiologically-Contaminated Forests: Environmental Consequences and Risk Assessment

As a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, large forested areas in Europe were contaminated by radionuclides. Extensive societal pressure has been exerted to decrease the radiation dose to the population and to the environment. Thus, in making abatement and remediation policy decisions not only economic costs, but also human and environmental risk assessment are desired. Forest remediation by organic layer removal, one of the most promising cleanup policies, is considered in this paper. Ecological risk assessment requires evaluation of the radionuclide distribution in forests. The FORESTPATH model^(1,2) is used for predicting the radionuclide fate in forest compartments after deposition as well as for evaluating the application of the remedial policy. Time of intervention and radionuclide deposition profile was predicted as being crucial for the remediation efficiency. Risk assessment conducted for a critical group of forest users in Belarus shows that consumption of forest products (berries and mushrooms) leads to about 0.004% risk of a fatal cancer. Cost-benefit analysis for forest cleanup suggests that complete removal of organic layer is too expensive for application in Belarus.     

数学建模中的角色转换探讨

针对数学建模中模型建立与求解以及模型的评价与推广这两个关键环节，提出了“旁观者”与“当局者”两个角色，并指出优秀数学建模参与者应该具备“从旁观者到当局者”以及“从当局者再回到旁观者”的双向角色转换能力。同时，还从形式和内容两个方面对数学建模优秀论文的共性进行了分析，并联系数学建模的两个环节，指出了优秀论文和数学建模过程中两个环节这两者与角色转换的紧密关系。最后，对如何培训学生成为一个优秀的数学建模参与者提供了一些参考和建议。     

辰州傩面具的审美特征探析

千姿百态的辰州傩面具,以其各种造型展示出威猛、英俊、和祥、滑稽、靓丽之美,又以色彩的配调不一,具有神武、庄重、凝重、活泼、欢快、斑斓等不同的审美特征。还以线条的疏密繁缛、曲直、粗细、劲柔等,具有复杂多变的线条美。     

基于异构分类体系的书目数据库合并

将不同馆藏编码尤其是连分类系统都不相同的书库合并在一起,是一个综合性项目,涉及到很多因素。其中,选择一个好的书目数据合并算法十分重要。本文分析了书目数据合并时要处理的基本对象,建立了基于异构分类体系书目数据库合并的数学模型并讨论其解的情况,最后提出了解决这一问题需综合考虑的几个因素。     

Quality Provision with Heterogeneous Consumer Reservation Utilities

This study examines a firm's quality and price decisions when consumers differ not only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality but also in their reservation utility for the basic product. We find that while the firm offers lower‐quality products when consumers' valuations for quality deteriorate, the optimal quality may increase with a negative shift in consumers' reservation utilities. We also investigate the optimal price and quality of the products within a vertically differentiated product line when the number of products is exogenously given. The existing literature shows that when consumers differ only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality, the firm sets the efficient quality for consumers with the highest valuation for quality, whereas the concern for cannibalization pushes down the quality of inferior products. We find that when consumers are heterogeneous in both their reservation utility and valuation for quality, the concern for cannibalization may distort the quality upwards, even for consumers with the highest willingness‐to‐pay for quality. In addition, a low‐quality product may enjoy a higher profit margin than a high‐quality product within the product line.     

基于扭转振动的多步态移动装置的运动学建模

为了实现移动机器人多步态稳定运动,提出一种新型的利用自身的结构特性来设计移动装置的方法。通过对其 倒立的U型结构的设计,再分别对该移动装置滑、走、跑和跳4个步态进行运动学建模,最后利用ADAMS仿真实现了该 移动装置稳定的多步态的运动。然后根据仿真结果给出了各运动相在每个步态周期中的足地接触距离以及横梁质心位 移的变化情况,最后讨论了影响该移动装置多步态运动的因素,如机体与两腿的长度之比r、共振频率和电机转速等。 结果表明该移动装置实现了多步态的运动,对未来研究多步态移动机器人提供了理论基础。     

基于建模理论的高校专业结构自主调控机制研究

新建本科高校转型发展是我国高等教育领域一次深刻的变革,探索建设应用技术类型高校发展道路,提高新建本科高校对经济社会发展的服务能力至关重要。优化和调控新建本科高校的学科专业结构,避免专业重复设置和同质化现象,是提高学校办学特色和应用型人才培养质量的有效途径。影响专业结构设置与调控的相关因素很多,应加以系统科学的研究。     

封龙山文化研究的态度与方法——兼谈杜香文等著《石家庄之根——封龙山》一书

应用BIM技术对预应力混凝土桥梁结构配筋进行精细化设计能有效提高设计质量。针对目前交通行业尚未有成熟的桥梁三维配筋系统可供使用,作为BIM技术的载体的三维钢筋模型需设计人员手工绘制,存在效率低且人工干预过多的问题,从快速建立钢筋三维模型、数量统计及自动出钢筋大样三个方面研究和提出了相关解决方法,并基于三维CAD系统Microstation进行二次开发编制工具应用于工程实践,减少了人机交互操作,提高了设计人员建模和出图效率,也为BIM技术在桥梁工程中的进一步应用提供了基础模型。     

Diesel Engine Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality: Time‐Related Factors in Exposure and Risk

To develop a quantitative exposure‐response relationship between concentrations and durations of inhaled diesel engine exhaust (DEE) and increases in lung cancer risks, we examined the role of temporal factors in modifying the estimated effects of exposure to DEE on lung cancer mortality and characterized risk by mine type in the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) cohort, which followed 12,315 workers through December 1997. We analyzed the data using parametric functions based on concepts of multistage carcinogenesis to directly estimate the hazard functions associated with estimated exposure to a surrogate marker of DEE, respirable elemental carbon (REC). The REC‐associated risk of lung cancer mortality in DEMS is driven by increased risk in only one of four mine types (limestone), with statistically significant heterogeneity by mine type and no significant exposure‐response relationship after removal of the limestone mine workers. Temporal factors, such as duration of exposure, play an important role in determining the risk of lung cancer mortality following exposure to REC, and the relative risk declines after exposure to REC stops. There is evidence of effect modification of risk by attained age. The modifying impact of temporal factors and effect modification by age should be addressed in any quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of DEE. Until there is a better understanding of why the risk appears to be confined to a single mine type, data from DEMS cannot reliably be used for QRA.