父母教养方式对小学高年级学生学业拖延的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

摘 要：目的：为明确父母教养方式对小学高年级学生学业拖延的作用机制,本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型,考察了自我概念在二者关系中的中介作用以及成就动机的调节作用。方法：以1181名小学生为被试,采用问卷法对其学业拖延程度、父母教养方式以及自我概念和成就动机进行调查。结果：1）在控制了性别、年级和独生与否后,父亲教养方式对学业拖延具有显著的负向预测作用,而母亲教养方式对学业拖延的预测不显著。2）自我概念能够在父母教养方式与拖延的关系中起中介作用;3）成就动机对中介路径后半段具有显著的调节作用。结论：自我概念很有可能是父母教养方式影响小学高年级学生学业拖延的重要中间环节,而上述中介效应会受到成就动机的调节。     

论行政诉讼判决的既判力

要从根本上解决法院的判决、裁定反反复复,一个案件多个判决、裁定的状况,就行政诉讼而言,必须真正确立行政诉讼判决的既判力,树立法院的权威。从比较法的视角看,确立行政诉讼判决的既判力,有必要解决以下问题:行政诉讼判决的类型和效力;行政诉讼判决既判力的效力范围、制度根据以及与其他相关原理的关系;行政诉讼判决的既判力的标准时间;行政诉讼判决的既判力与判决的不当取得之间的矛盾。     

Parenting fostered adolescents: skills and strategies

This paper discusses findings from a recently completed study of adolescent foster care, which included a detailed assessment of the parenting approaches and strategies used by the foster carers of adolescents in long‐term placements. Sixty‐eight foster carers were interviewed at two points in time. The first interview was conducted two months after the start of a new adolescent placement and the second after the placement had been continuing for a year, or at the point of disruption if this occurred earlier. The interview schedules were designed specifically for this study and were based upon well‐established techniques developed in other studies of parenting. They enabled the researchers to make summary ratings for each carer on established dimensions of parenting such as control and discipline, responsiveness and the level of engagement with the child. The researchers assessed how these strategies changed and developed in relation to the young person's behaviour and whether these approaches influenced either the likelihood of placement disruption or the quality of the placement for the child. This paper describes the parenting strategies used by the foster carers, highlighting the areas of parenting that significantly affected the placement outcomes and the corresponding implications for policy and practice.     

Parental mental health: disruptions to parenting and outcomes for children

The association between parental mental health problems and negative outcomes for children has been long known. This paper addresses three issues in relation to this. First, the scale of the problem is outlined, in terms of both the prevalence of mental health problems in parents and the likelihood of children exhibiting negative outcomes in these circumstances. Secondly, the specificity, or lack of it, of particular outcomes in the child in relation to different parental mental health problems is explored. Thirdly, the paper focuses on the importance of disruptions to parenting as a mechanism in the transmission of mental health problems to negative impacts on the child. Examples are given of how parenting is disrupted in non‐clinical community populations, and the subsequent impacts on the child. The case is made for the preventative importance of parenting and family support in mediating between parental mental health problems and negative impacts on the child.     

Parenting capacity

We describe an approach to the assessment of parenting for families in which child abuse has been established to have occurred. Neither the category of abuse nor its physical severity adequately predicts the future wellbeing or safety of an abused child. The critical variable in determining the child's future is the level of disturbance in parenting. We argue against the most common approach to assessments of parenting, which is to generate a non‐hierarchical list of issues with the emphasis on relatively concrete and readily measurable dimensions such as social support, parental knowledge about parenting and the child's developmental status. We enhance the standard approach to assessment by organizing it around parenting capacity. We do not attempt to operationalize parenting capacity, de?ning it as the parents' ability to empathically understand and give priority to their child's needs. Adequate parenting requires that the parents be able to meet the challenges posed by their particular child's temperament and development (which may be shaped by the abusive experience) and also to accept and be prepared to address their own intrinsic characteristics which impede their parenting capacity. Parenting capacity is more dif?cult to assess than the more concrete and commonly measured aspects of parenting, but we argue that its assessment should be central to child protection management decisions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高校理论教学的合法性危机

由于理论储备的艰难，又因为现实、日常生活的种种诘难，两边的夹击，理论教学变得日益沉重，同时也使它困境、危机显现。章还深入分析了当下的化语境对理论的积累系统和接受系统进行有效破坏的深层原因。     

不同教学效能感水平的教师教学成败归因特点的研究

采用教学效能感量表和多维度—多归因因果量表(MMCS)对207名教师进行测试,结果表明:1.不同教学效能感水平的教师其教学成功归因在能力、努力、运气及背景4个维度均存在显著性差异,教学成功的能力及努力归因随教学效能感水平的提高而提高,背景及运气归因随教学效能感水平的提高而降低。2.不同教学效能感水平的教师其教学失败归因在能力、运气及背景三个维度存在显著性差异,教学失败的能力、背景及运气归因随教学效能感水平的提高而降低。结论:教师教学效能感水平对教学归因具有指导作用。     

Maternal Emotional Styles and Child Social Adjustment: Assessment, Correlates, Outcomes and Goodness of Fit in Early Childhood

The goals of the present research were to develop a modified version of an existing self‐assessment questionnaire designed to measure parents’ emotional style and to examine how the aspects of child regulation may moderate the relation between the emotional styles and social outcomes in childhood. Participants in Study 1 were 140 mothers and children (73 males, 67 females, M_age=56.0 months). The mothers completed the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) to assess maternal emotional styles, and the Child Behavior Vignettes to assess parental goals across two scenarios. Participants in Study 2 were 50 mothers who were interviewed regarding their emotional styles using the Meta‐emotion Interview, and who also completed the MESQ. In Study 3, 100 mothers and children (41 males, 59 females, M=58.0 months) participated. The mothers completed the MESQ and the Child Behavior Questionnaire to assess the children's emotion and behavior regulation. Teachers completed the Child Behavior Scale to measure the indices of preschool adjustment. Results from Studies 1 and 2 indicated a two‐factor scale for the MESQ, with good psychometric properties (including stability, convergent validity, and construct validity). Results from Study 3 indicated different patterns of associations between maternal emotional styles, and child adjustment for well‐regulated versus dysregulated children.     

提高企业人力资源总体效能的对策

人力资源总体效能决定了企业实现其商业目标的程度。因此,研究人力资源总体效能,对于提高人力资源管理水平,进而提高组织的绩效,具有重要的意义。在深入分析影响企业人力资源总体效能的各因素的基础上,进一步就如何提高人力资源总体效能给出了具体的对策:做好人力规划、优化工作设计、完善激励机制。     

Predicting Spouses’ Perceptions of Their Parenting Alliance

This study used marital‐ and individual‐level variables to predict spouses’ perceived parenting alliance. One hundred married couples completed measures of parenting alliance, marital consensus, marital power, and depression. Analyses revealed that marital consensus was a significant predictor of parenting alliance for both parents, and that depression also was a significant predictor for wives. Analyses using both spouses’ data indicated that wives’ perceptions of consensus and depression significantly predicted both spouses’ parenting alliance, suggesting that wives are the barometer of the marital relationship ( Floyd & Markman, 1983 ) and of the parenting relationship as well. Implications for research are discussed.