中韩出口产品的竞争程度分析

中国的出口将对周边国家包括韩国带来深远影响。中国和韩国的产品出口是否存在竞争关系,如何衡量中韩产品出口的竞争程度,是我们试图研究的主要问题。我们通过按技术构成对产品进行分类,并借鉴关志雄和Lall等人计算产品附加值的方法,比较分析了中国和韩国自20世纪80年代后期以来出口商品的结构变化。结果表明:中国和韩国的产业竞争程度并非表面显现的那么高,中国和韩国可以在国际分工的不同生产环节实现优势互补。     

Equality Bargaining: Where,Who, Why?

It is common to identify a role for trade unions in combating sex inequality at work through collective bargaining. This article uses a survey of paid union officers to identify the context in which equality bargaining by unions is likely to occur, using the specific issue of bargaining on equal pay. It concludes that equality bargaining is a function of women’s voice within unions, the characteristics and preferences of bargainers themselves and of a favourable public policy environment. Bargaining on equal pay is also more likely in centralized negotiations that cover multiple employers.     

国外农业行业协会的发展及启示

作为非政府组织的农业行业协会，在政府职能转变后和农业的产业化经营中以及农民利益保护方面，能发挥重要作用。着重介绍了国外农业行业协会的发展历程、管理与运行模式、政府与行业协会的关系，并得出对我国农业行业协会发展的几点启示。     

《共产党宣言》的人学蕴涵及当代价值

《共产党宣言》通过对资产阶级现实活动的为人和非人性质的分析，注目于无产阶级的现实际遇，形成了独特的马克思主义的人学蕴涵。而“自由人联合体”的阐发则是《宣言》人学思想的逻辑旨归和现实旨归。     

How culture influences foreign trade: evidence from the U.S. and China

Using a gravity model of trade and the U.S. and Chinese panel data, I present evidence that supports the views that linguistic links have become more important in foreign trade than geographical proximity and that linguistic influence on trade is more significant in China than in the U.S. The estimated result based on a broad panel of economies shows little overall relation between religious similarity and foreign trade in both the U.S. and China. But there is an indication that the religious dissimilarity tends to retard foreign trade with poor countries and regions and to encourage foreign trade with richer places. I also found that, although religious retardation on foreign trade is more significant in China than in the U.S., religious dissimilarity tends to retard the US export more than that of China; by contrast, it tends to retard the Chinese import more than that of the U.S. At last, the socio-economic implications of the estimated results are discussed.     

浅谈习语英译方法

本文论述了英语习语的几种主要的翻译方法 ,其目的是为了解决习语翻译中的困难。运用直译法可以尽量保持原文的民族形式和风格 ;运用修辞法等其它方法可以避免字字对译带来的问题。     

抗战时期国民政府对盐务的管理

抗战时期为了适应战争的需要,国民政府调整了盐业政策,加强了对盐务的管理,实行了有特殊意义的食盐专卖政策,为支援抗战起了一定的作用。但由于官僚资本对盐业的垄断和渗透,造成了民营商业的破产,对抗战后的盐业经济造成了负面影响。     

国际服务贸易自由化对发展中国家的影响及对策

最近几年 ,国际服务贸易自由化成为经济学家研究的热点问题。国际服务贸易自由化的一个重要特点是在服务贸易领域逐步取消限制 ,实现自由化。面对国际服务贸易自由化的浪潮 ,发展中国家处于较商品贸易更为不利的地位 ,是机遇更是严峻的挑战。就此进行了分析并提山对策建议     

绿色壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

指出在现代国际贸易中,一种新的贸易保护措施"绿色壁垒"正在迅速成为发达国家主要的非关税贸易壁垒,并且呈加快发展态势,绿色壁垒已成为我国产品出口的主要障碍。分析了绿色壁垒对我国产品出口尤其对农产品、机电产品、纺织品、化学与医药品和玩具产品出口产生的重大影响。提出了应对绿色壁垒的对策:顺应世界贸易潮流,制定相应的法律、法规,建立符合国际标准的技术指标体系,发展绿色环保产业,提高企业的效益和竞争力等。     

Estimation of Metabolic Rate Constants in PBPK‐Models from Liver Slice Experiments: What Are the Experimental Needs?

A mechanistic model is presented describing the clearance of a compound in a precision-cut liver slice that is incubated in a culture medium. The problem of estimating metabolic rate constants in PBPK models from liver slice experiments is discussed using identifiability analysis. From the identifiability problem analysis, it appears that in addition to the clearance, the compound's free fraction in the slice and the diffusion rate of the exchange of the compound between culture medium and liver slice should be identified. In addition, knowledge of the culture medium volume, the slice volume, the compound's free fraction, and octanol-water-based partition between medium and slice is presupposed. The formal solution for identification is discussed from the perspective of experimental practice. A formally necessary condition for identification is the sampling of parent compound in liver slice or culture medium. However, due to experimental limitations and errors, sampling the parent compound in the slice together with additional sampling of metabolite pooled from the medium and the slice is required for identification in practice. Moreover, it appears that identification results are unreliable when the value of the intrinsic clearance exceeds the value of the diffusion coefficient, a condition to be verified a posteriori.