Crucial factors determining the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of threeAthalia sawflies feeding on common cruciferous plants

Summary ThreeAthalia sawflies,A. japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata, feeding on cruciferous plants, coexist in Japan. However, it is not known what ecological strategies they use and what environmental factors are crucial to such strategies. I attempted to explain these questions by examining the relationship between the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of threeAthalia sawflies and their habitats in three districts (Lowland, Intermediate and Mountain). The three sawflies have different spatio-temporal distribution patterns, though they usually used common cruciferous plants.A. japonica was abundant in spring and autumn but disappeared during summer in all the districts. In the Lowland, populations ofA. rosae andA. infumata, like that ofA. japonica, crashed in summer. HoweverA. rosae occurred mainly in summer in the Intermediate and Mountain. AlthoughA. infumata occurred in the same seasons asA. rosae in all districts, population levels ofA. infumata were always lower than those ofA. rosae. The crucial factors controlling their population patterns were the availability of host plants and temperature. Population crashes ofA. rosae andA. infumata were due to food depletion, and those ofA. japonica were due to heat stress. On the other hand, their population patterns may be interpreted as phenological synchronization with their original host plants, though they all existed on common cruciferous plants. The three sawflies may have evolved different strategies to escape from unfavorable habitat conditions. Such strategies are speculated to be summer diapause inA. japonica, long distance migration inA. rosae, and local dispersal inA. infumata.     

浅谈园林植物配置的艺术手法

随着城市的发展,园林植物在景观上的作用越来越重要,文章主要分析园林植物外在的线条、外形、质地、色彩的特性,并归纳了一些处理植物配置与色彩、质地、距离、光影、地形等之间关系的艺术手法。     

长白山顶野生花卉资源引种驯化研究初报

在《长白山野生观赏植物调查、引种、选育技术研究》的基础上,根据供试野生花卉及筛选结果表,从中挑选十种山顶野生花卉,将其放在长春大学环境生态与工程学院的苗圃地进行引种驯化,试图为丰富园林花卉品种找出切入点,从而加大城市绿化的力度,满足园林绿化建设的需要。     

音乐与科学的不解缘

音乐是声音的艺术,它与声音科学的关系最为密切。声乐和器乐都与许多门类的科学相关。音乐具有启迪创造思维,开发创造力的功能。音乐学习能提高儿童的空间推理能力。通过音乐的物理作用、社会作用和情绪作用可以达到治疗人体疾病的目的。音乐还与动物和植物的生态密切相关。植物经络学说和植物控制系统的理论与实践,揭示了音乐农学将造福人类的光明前景。     

Why does onlyAthalia Japonica enter summer diapause among three sympatricAthalia sawflies feeding on crucifers?

Summary This report assesses the primary factor for the evolution of summer diapause of the three species of sawfly,Athalia japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata that feed on cruciferous plants and coexist in the same area.A. japonica has two discrete spring and autumn generations, butA. rosae andA. infumata 5–6 generations. OnlyA. japonica enters summer diapause in response to the long daylengths in spring. Although these three sawflies usually feed on the same cultivated crucifers, they differ markedly in the utilization of wild crucifers. They oviposit only on young leaves.A. japonica mainly usesCardamine plants which sprout in spring and autumn.A. rosae andA. infumata primarily use hosts with new leaves all the year round, i.e. cultivated crucifers andRorippa indica, respectively. The thermal threshold for development is lower inA. japonica than in the other two species. The low heat tolerance ofA. japonica is adapted only to cool shady habitats whereCardamine grows. Presumably, summer diapause ofA. japonica is adaptation to the deterioration of the primary host plants rather than unfavorable climatic conditions. This interpretation is supported by the movement patterns of the threeAthalia sawflies, alternative means to escape from deteriorated habitat conditions.     

英文中含有“lily”的相关原生物及名称辨析

植物名称及其所对应的原植物,在世界各国或地区均大量存在同名异物或同物异名的现象,极易造成混淆,不可不辨。以＂lily＂为研究对象,利用http：∥scholar.google.com和http：∥apps.web of knowledge.com文献检索平台,查询国内外使用＂lily＂作为关键词或主题词的文献,分别得到534 000条和11 734条检索信息,然而,以＂lilium＂为关键词和主题词进行二级检索时,却只能得到27 000条和6 087条检索信息。在此基础上,对这些含有＂lily＂的词或词组进行归类分析,结果显示：＂lily＂本意为百合属Lilium植物,但是英文名称中含有＂lily＂的词或词组并非都是百合,其代表的含义十分广泛,不仅包括百合科、秋海棠科、石蒜科、天南星科及人工杂交种等多种植物,而且在某些动物名称中也含有＂lily＂。可见,含有＂lily＂的英文词或词组所代表的名称和原植物较多,而且十分复杂,在文献检索以及相关研究中应注意区分。     

观赏植物品种文化负载名的歇后式英译模式建构

观赏植物品种文化负载名因中英文化的差异,翻译起来颇有难度,因此翻译中避繁就简、文化缩水的倾向屡见不鲜。受中国歇后语结构的启发,建构植物品种文化负载名的歇后式英译模式,即"迻译—解译",旨在为此类翻译提供一种思路,尽可能减少英译时的文化缺损。     

Assessing the Performance of a Classification‐Based Vulnerability Analysis Model

In this article, a classification model based on the majority rule sorting (MR‐Sort) method is employed to evaluate the vulnerability of safety‐critical systems with respect to malevolent intentional acts. The model is built on the basis of a (limited‐size) set of data representing (a priori known) vulnerability classification examples. The empirical construction of the classification model introduces a source of uncertainty into the vulnerability analysis process: a quantitative assessment of the performance of the classification model (in terms of accuracy and confidence in the assignments) is thus in order. Three different app oaches are here considered to this aim: (i) a model–retrieval‐based approach, (ii) the bootstrap method, and (iii) the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation technique. The analyses are presented with reference to an exemplificative case study involving the vulnerability assessment of nuclear power plants.     

域外植物的输入与中古社会

大量域外植物入华是汉武帝时代丝路开通后的结果,外来的植物引种在魏晋南北朝时得到推广。域外传入的植物用途主要有观赏、食用和用作香料、医药等方面,域外植物的引进改变了中国人的膳食结构,丰富了饮食文化,提高了人们的生活水平,对于中国中古社会的农业生产、饮食文化、医学医药、民间信仰和文学艺术产生了积极影响。有关种植技术的记载出现在魏晋南北朝时期的著述中,反映了这些外来植物在这一时期广泛种植并积累了丰富经验的实际情况。域外植物的种植推动了商品经济的发展。     

室内植物景观设计的环境分析

本文从室内的空间特征、建筑参数、装修状况、光照、湿度、温度等方面对室内植物景观设计的环境作了综合分析,旨在突出不同空间中环境因子的差异及由此产生的设计形式与材料选择的不同,为设计者提供参考借鉴．