随迁老人的城市适应问题研究

随迁老人在城市适应中面临着子女家的"局外人"身份和城市社区的"陌生人"身份的双重尴尬。本文调查表明随迁老人在城市适应中存在着适应程度的个体差异,同时家庭关系、随迁老人夫妇有无一起随迁和参与社区活动频率是影响随迁老人城市适应的因素。现阶段解决随迁老人城市适应问题应以家庭为主、社区为辅;以个体性为主、共同性为辅;以主动适应为主、外力推动适应为辅。     

都市移居老年人社会适应性实证分析——以武汉市为例

在人口老龄化和城市化的背景下,采用武汉市移居老年人的调查数据,对其社会适应的现状和影响因素进行调研。结果表明,移居老年人对城市社会的适应仍处在一个初级阶段、一个较低的水平。收入和参与社区活动的频率是影响其社会适应的客观因素,社区归属感和生活满意度是影响其社会适应的主观因素。形成这些问题的深层次原因是社会结构没有提供及时、有效的社会支持。     

影视改编与文学经典传播途径的革新

从传统文学的立场出发,早期的电影不被看作是一种叙事的艺术。但与此相对照的是,新生的电影对传统文学的改编,从它诞生的那一刻开始,就未停止过。电影及后来的电视对文学经典改编,一方面帮助电影度过最初的危机,促进了整个20世纪影视艺术的长期繁荣,另一方面极大地促进了文学作品的传播,甚至对文学作品的内在创作规律产生了深刻的影响,促使一部分当代经典作品具有了明确的"影视化"特征。影视改编一般可分为"忠实的改编"和"自由的改编"。     

抗洪预警信息提供对农户适应性措施采用的影响——基于全国6省的实证研究

在全球气候变暖的背景下,我国洪涝灾害的发生及其影响日趋严重,如何制定适应洪涝灾害等极端气候的政策和措施急需开展实证研究。探讨农户采用适应性抗洪措施的现状及影响他们采用这些适应性措施的主要因素,为相关领域的研究和决策者提供实证依据。基于全国6个省的大规模实地调查数据,采用Logit模型分析了影响适应性措施采用的决定因素。研究发现,面对洪涝灾害,85%的农户采用了以非工程类措施为主的相应的适应性措施。为了提高农户的适应能力,三分之一的村得到了上级提供的抗洪预警信息。计量经济模型分析结果表明,政府在灾前和灾后给农户提供抗洪预警信息对农户采用适应性措施能起积极的促进作用,同时社区和农户的一些自然和社会经济条件对农户采用适应性措施也会产生显著影响。依据研究结果,最后讨论了相关的政策含义。     

农民对气候变化认知及适应的差异性分析——基于山东省部分地区的实证调研

气候变化已成为国际社会公认的事实,作为落实国家气候战略的微观主体,农民对气候变化的认知及适应行为对应对气候变化至关重要。通过在山东省部分地区的实地调研和问卷调查,运用SPSS软件,赋值分析了农民对气候变化认知及适应的得分概况,并从性别、政治面貌、婚姻状况、教育水平、家庭条件以及农业生产年限等方面分析了农民对气候变化认知及适应的群体差异,最后从农民气候认知与适应的相关性、认知与适应的得分差异以及认知与适应的群体差异等方面提出应对策略。     

应用文体翻译的适应与选择

由于应用文体具有信息性、表情性和呼唤性等多样性功能,因此在进行应用文体翻译时,译者需要充分考虑应用文体的特性,做出适应与选择性的策略。根据应用文体的特性,译者在翻译活动中需要从语言学视角、文体学视角和美学视角对应用翻译文本进行适应与选择,以充分发挥文本的功能性。     

Farmers’ Risk‐Based Decision Making Under Pervasive Uncertainty: Cognitive Thresholds and Hazy Hedging

Researchers in judgment and decision making have long debunked the idea that we are economically rational optimizers. However, problematic assumptions of rationality remain common in studies of agricultural economics and climate change adaptation, especially those that involve quantitative models. Recent movement toward more complex agent‐based modeling provides an opportunity to reconsider the empirical basis for farmer decision making. Here, we reconceptualize farmer decision making from the ground up, using an in situ mental models approach to analyze weather and climate risk management. We assess how large‐scale commercial grain farmers in South Africa (n = 90) coordinate decisions about weather, climate variability, and climate change with those around other environmental, agronomic, economic, political, and personal risks that they manage every day. Contrary to common simplifying assumptions, we show that these farmers tend to satisfice rather than optimize as they face intractable and multifaceted uncertainty; they make imperfect use of limited information; they are differently averse to different risks; they make decisions on multiple time horizons; they are cautious in responding to changing conditions; and their diverse risk perceptions contribute to important differences in individual behaviors. We find that they use two important nonoptimizing strategies, which we call cognitive thresholds and hazy hedging, to make practical decisions under pervasive uncertainty. These strategies, evident in farmers' simultaneous use of conservation agriculture and livestock to manage weather risks, are the messy in situ performance of naturalistic decision‐making techniques. These results may inform continued research on such behavioral tendencies in narrower lab‐ and modeling‐based studies.     

When implicit prejudice does not predict explicit prejudice: Spanish version of the Concern with Acting Prejudiced scale / Cuando el prejuicio implícito no predice el explícito: versión española de la escala Concern with Acting Prejudiced

The aim of this research was to adapt and validate the Concern with Acting Prejudiced (CAP) scale for a Spanish sample. This measure evaluates concern about appearing prejudiced to others or oneself and the motivation not to deviate from personal egalitarian standards. First, we completed the translation and an item content validity analysis. Then, in Study 1 (N = 198), we conducted an exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2 (N = 383), we conducted a confirmatory analysis of the unifactorial structure of the Spanish version of the scale and examined its validity. In Study 3 (N = 89), we explored the moderating role of participants’ concern with acting prejudiced in the relation between implicit prejudice and explicit prejudice. The results confirmed the unifactorial structure of the scale, its appropriate psychometric properties and its predictive validity. Moreover, we confirmed that the CAP moderated the relation between implicit and explicit prejudice. In participants with a low concern with acting prejudiced, implicit prejudice was positively related with modern prejudice; in participants with a high concern with acting prejudiced, these variables were not related.     

The relations between maternal mental state talk and preschoolers’ behavioral adaptation and school readiness: moderation by emotion situation knowledge

This study investigated the extent to which associations between mothers' elaborated talk about mental states and preschoolers’ behavioral adaptation (i.e., social competence and internalizing and externalizing behavior) and school readiness were moderated by emotion situation knowledge. Families (N = 120) were mostly middle‐income and White and 70 of the preschoolers (M = 50.65 months, SD = 6.19) were boys. Results revealed a positive association between elaborated maternal mental state talk and social competence, but only for children average and high in emotion situation knowledge. For children low in emotion situation knowledge, there was a positive association between elaborated maternal mental state talk and internalizing behavior. There also was a negative relation between elaborated maternal mental state talk and school readiness for preschoolers low in emotion situation knowledge. Findings highlight the importance of considering emotion situation knowledge when examining associations between elaborated maternal mental state talk and young children’s social behavioral adaptation and readiness for school.     

Effects of Leader Support in the Work Unit on the Relationship Between Work Spillover and Family Adaptation

This study examines the direct versus the buffering effect of leader support in the work unit on the relationship between work spillover and family adaptation. The analyses use data from a probability sample of 3,190 married soldiers in the U.S. Army who participated in the 1989 Army and Family Survey, and the data are analyzed by the gender of the respondent. Two types of work spillover are examined in the analysis (energy and time interference), and both internal and external types of family adaptation are hypothesized and supported by the empirical analysis. Only modest support is found for the buffering effect hypothesis. In support of the direct effect hypothesis, the findings indicate that leader support in the work unit decreases perceptions of work spillover, which is a preventive effect, and enhances perceptions of external adaptation, which is a therapeutic effect.