大学生创业自我效能、行为控制知觉与创业意向的实证研究

采用结构方程模型,对河北、天津4所高校640名在校大学生进行调查研究,发现创业自我效能对创业意向的显著正向影响及其机制,以及行为控制知觉作为中介变量对创业自我效能影响创业意向过程中所发挥的作用,揭示了行为控制知觉的部分中介作用机制。根据模型研究结果,就提高创业意向的途径、方法,围绕创业教育、自我强化和社会环境劝导进行了探讨。     

当前高校辅导员队伍建设存在的问题及对策

辅导员是高等学校大学生思想政治教育的骨干力量。目前辅导员队伍存在着队伍不稳定、整体素质不高、思想政治工作不利等问题,为进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育,必须采取切实有效的措施加强辅导员队伍的建设。     

Evaluation of single and mixed verbal operant arrangements for teaching mands and tacts

The purpose of this series of experiments was to evaluate the effects of mixed mand-tact arrangements on the acquisition of mands and tacts in preschool-aged children. In Experiment 1, the effects of three training arrangements (mand-only training, tact-only training, and mand-tact training) were investigated with 3 typically developing children. Rates of acquisition in single (mand-only and tact-only) versus mixed (mand-tact) presentation were comparable, in contrast to earlier investigations. Experiment 2 attempted to clarify the equivocal findings of Experiment 1 by directly replicating the Carroll and Hesse (1987) investigation with 2 typically developing children. Results again demonstrated no clear benefit of mixed verbal operant training on tact acquisition. In Experiment 3, these same arrangements were evaluated with a boy with autism and included assessments to determine that a relevant establishing operation was in effect prior to each mand training session. Experiment 3 again failed to demonstrate the facilitative effects of mand-tact training on the acquisition of mands or tacts. Taken together, the data from these three experiments fail to support the improved efficiency of mand-tact training suggested by prior studies. Findings are discussed in the context of future research investigating mixed verbal operant arrangements.     

Defining delayed consequences as reinforcers: some do, some don't, and nothing changes

Results of a survey sent to members of the editorial boards of five behavior-analytic journals in 1990 indicated that there was no consensus among respondents with respect to whether delayed events can function as reinforcers (Schlinger, Blakely, Fillhard, & Poling, 1991). Since that time, several studies with nonhuman animals have demonstrated that events delayed by at least several seconds can increase the probability of occurrence of the responses that produce them. To determine the relative number of contemporary behavior analysts who nonetheless believe that reinforcers must immediately follow the responses that produce them, the present study replicated the procedures used by Schlinger et al., with similar results. That is, respondents did not agree with respect to whether delayed events could be reinforcers.     

When Does Race Matter? Race,Sex, and Dating at an Elite University

This paper unites quantitative and qualitative data from the College Social Life Survey (n = 732) to describe and explain patterns of racial homophily in undergraduate sexual/romantic relationships at an elite university, a closed social setting. It expands the literature on interracial romantic unions by comparing homophily in hookups (uncommitted sexual interactions), dates, and long‐term relationships. Although this population embodies many characteristics associated with greater racial mixing (youth, education, status equality, geographical proximity, racial diversity, independence from family), racial homophily is still strongly evident. Variation in levels of homophily among relationship types and among racial groups is explained by differences in desired homophily, social network segregation, and participation in formal race‐based student organizations. Black students are particularly socially isolated.     

关注青少年的日常生活与教育——上海市青少年危险行为现状分析与对策研究

本文试图在深化理论认识的基础上,就上海市青少年危险行为的现状和问题做一番阐述。在此基础上,分析了现阶段青少年危险行为的影响因素,寻找解决这些危险行为的途径,即提出生活技能教育和课外休闲教育的理念,并对进行这两种教育的意义进行探讨。     

性别、家庭财富与不同年龄阶段儿童辍学行为——基于2006年中国营养与健康调查数据

基于2006年中国营养与健康调查截面数据中农村教育阶段儿童样本的研究,本文发现,儿童性别、教育阶段、母亲最高教育年限及父亲身体健康状况是影响儿童辍学的重要因素,然而,随着儿童年龄增长性别歧视和家庭财富状况的影响逐渐减弱,并且会在一定年龄阶段改变影响方向。儿童辍学行为的影响因素中家庭财富状况由家庭父母教育程度和职业内生决定。     

独立学院办学特色探讨

大多数独立学院在办学过程中还存在诸多困难和问题,缺乏自己的特色,严重困扰着独立学院的进一步发展。独立学院应从自身实际情况出发,办出特色,树立品牌,实现可持续发展。     

从动机角度看亲社会行为、助人行为、利他行为的关系

从动机角度分析了以往研究中亲社会行为、助人行为、利他行为定义等同或是模糊的原因,即定义等同缘于不考虑动机问题,定义模糊缘于考虑动机性质问题;通过以往从动机角度对亲社会行为、助人行为、利他行为关系两种概括方式的评析,提出按照广义和狭义的角度来对三种行为进行定义并概括它们之间关系的建议。