熊十力论为学之思

熊十力区分了哲学与科学,在此基础上,严辨哲学之知与科学之知。他认为两者分属不同的层次,哲学之知属于“性智”,科学之知属于“量智”。“性智”是对宇宙人生本体的认识,“量智”是对功用的认识。在为学上,熊十力认为思维的方法、建构与人的道德修养有密切关系,他强调思维与修养的交互作用与统合,也即所谓“思修交尽”。     

城市森林建设量化指标研究概况

城市森林作为城市生态系统的重要组成部分,其改善环境和维持城市可持续发展的功能已倍受重视。城市森林的量化标准已成为新时代城市综合竞争力的新指标。文章总结并对比了国内外城市森林建设的相关量化指标,如城市森林覆盖率,森林面积等,为城市森林建设提供了一定的参考依据。     

Producing ratio measures of effect with quantitative microbial risk assessment

Estimating the risk of infections or other outcomes incident to pathogen exposure is a primary goal of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Such estimates are useful to predict population-level risks, to evaluate exposures based on normative or tolerable risk guidelines, and to interpret the likely public health relevance of microbial measurements in environmental media. To evaluate alternative control measures (interventions), ratio estimates of effect (e.g., odds and risk ratios) are needed that are more broadly interpretable in the health sciences and consistent with convention in epidemiology. In this paper, we propose a general method for estimating widely used ratio measures of effect derived from stochastic QMRA approaches, including the generation of appropriate confidence intervals. Such QMRA-derived ratios can be used as a basis for evaluating interventions via hypothesis testing and for inclusion in systematic reviews and meta-analyses in a form consistent with risk estimation approaches commonly used in epidemiology.     

Smaller net or just fewer to catch? Disentangling the causes for the varying sizes of minimum income schemes

The number of social assistance recipients varies significantly between welfare states. Social assistance is a last-resort residual benefit, so a high number of receipts may be related to policies for first-tier benefits, social assistance and their implementation, as well as need factors (unemployment rate and low income). Considering the strong political will to diminish the receipt of last-resort benefits, we demonstrated a way to decompose the reasons for eligibility in a cross-national analysis of two Nordic countries, namely Finland and Sweden. By using administrative register microdata, eligibility simulations and policy swaps, we found that the legislative features of social assistance, such as more extensive benefit norms and earning disregard, contribute to Finland's higher eligibility rate and likely explain some of the reasons for its higher number of recipients. Finland also exhibited lower non-take-up rates among those eligible, which implies better access to benefits than in Sweden.