基于AHP的山地旅游资源定量评价方法构建及应用——以金寨县为例

山地型旅游地因其地势险峻、植被覆盖率高、生态环境良好,而受到越来越多旅游者的欢迎.影响旅游资源评价的因素有很多,结合山地旅游资源的本质特征,按照目标层、要素层、指标层等三个层次构建山地旅游资源评价的指标体系,可以将资源划分为优良级、普通级、未获等级等三个等级.以金寨县为例,通过实地调查,以国标为参照,利用德尔菲法和问卷调查法对该县五个代表性的山地旅游资源进行定量评价.结果表明,研究对象各个体虽然资源赋值等级不一,但它们都属于优良级旅游资源.     

西方身份认同研究述评

身份认同是一个非常难以定义的概念,争议集中于身份认同是＂物＂还是＂过程＂,形成身份认同的关键因素是个体还是社会,身份认同与排斥是什么关系;大众媒体是传播和维持民族认同的工具,种族起源是民族身份认同的重要成份,共同语言和生活方式是身份认同的重要构成;身份认同的调查方法多种多样,普遍使用的是定性方法和定量方法,而定性和定量相结合的方法更为可靠。     

Risk of Legionellosis in residential areas around farms irrigating with municipal wastewater

The conservation of freshwater is of both global and national importance, and in the United States, agriculture is one of the largest consumers of this resource. Reduction of the strain farming puts on local surface or groundwater is vital for ensuring resilience in the face of climate change, and one possible option is to irrigate with a combination of freshwater and reclaimed water from municipal wastewater treatment facilities. However, this wastewater can contain pathogens that are harmful to human health, such as Legionella pneumophila, which is a bacterium that can survive aerosolization and airborne transportation and cause severe pneumonia when inhaled. To assess an individual adult's risk of infection with L. pneumophila from a single exposure to agricultural spray irrigation, a quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted for a scenario of spray irrigation in central Illinois, for the growing seasons in 2017, 2018, and 2019. The assessment found that the mean risk of infection for a single exposure exceeded the safety threshold of 10^–6 infections/exposure up to 1 km from a low-pressure irrigator and up to 2 km from a high-pressure irrigator, although no median risk exceeded the threshold for any distance or irrigator pressure. These findings suggest that spray irrigation with treated municipal wastewater could be a viable option for reducing freshwater consumption in Midwest farming, as long as irrigation on windy days is avoided and close proximity to the active irrigator is limited.     

CRM中客户忠诚对价格敏感性的影响研究

综合考虑了CRM中的客户竞争、客户保持和转移成本因素,建立了基于客户忠诚度的客户关系保持的数学模型。然后以客户保持模型为基础,从理论上分析了不同忠诚度水平的客户的价格敏感性的不同及其原因。最后以客户价格敏感性为基础,得到了可供企业CRM系统借鉴的客户保持的定量策略。     

NUSAP Method for Evaluating the Data Quality in a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Model for Salmonella in the Pork Production Chain

The numeral unit spread assessment pedigree (NUSAP) system was implemented to evaluate the quality of input parameters in a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model for Salmonella spp. in minced pork meat. The input parameters were grouped according to four successive exposure pathways: (1) primary production (2) transport, holding, and slaughterhouse, (3) postprocessing, distribution, and storage, and (4) preparation and consumption. An inventory of 101 potential input parameters was used for building the QMRA model. The characteristics of each parameter were defined using a standardized procedure to assess (1) the source of information, (2) the sampling methodology and sample size, and (3) the distributional properties of the estimate. Each parameter was scored by a panel of experts using a pedigree matrix containing four criteria (proxy, empirical basis, method, and validation) to assess the quality, and this was graphically represented by means of kite diagrams. The parameters obtained significantly lower scores for the validation criterion as compared with the other criteria. Overall strengths of parameters related to the primary production module were significantly stronger compared to the other modules (the transport, holding, and slaughterhouse module, the processing, distribution, and storage module, and the preparation and consumption module). The pedigree assessment contributed to select 20 parameters, which were subsequently introduced in the QMRA model. The NUSAP methodology and kite diagrams are objective tools to discuss and visualize the quality of the parameters in a structured way. These two tools can be used in the selection procedure of input parameters for a QMRA, and can lead to a more transparent quality assurance in the QMRA.     

论国家精神损害赔偿量化标准之构建

对于国家精神损害赔偿量化的具体标准,《国家赔偿法》并未作出规定。国家精神损害赔偿数额可通过国家精神损害赔偿三原则、两区分、四酌定因素的量化原则和方法得以确定。三原则为国家精神损害赔偿原则上不低于民事精神损害赔偿原则、数额适当限制原则、法官酌定原则。两区分是区分不同损害的赔偿和区分人身物质性损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿并参照我国人身物质性损害赔偿标准设定具有适度比例和弹性空间的精神赔偿限度。赔偿限度由立法解释规定较为适当。法官在赔偿限度内斟酌四方面的因素确定精神损害赔偿的数额。酌定因素的量化由司法解释规定比较适当。     

中国当前生态文明建设关键影响因素及建设策略

生态文明建设是一项整体性事业,它不仅要求提高生态系统活力、环境质量水平和资源可持续利用水平,还要求转变经济发展方式和生产生活方式。因此,生态文明建设的影响因素也非常多。基于全国各省面板数据的最新相关性分析显示,各省的协调发展能力和社会发展水平对生态文明建设起到巨大的促进作用,生态系统活力也是促进生态文明建设的积极因素,而环境质量仍然不符合生态文明建设的发展要求。各省应准确掌握中国当前生态文明建设关键影响因素,并制定恰当的生态文明建设策略。     

农户农地转出行为影响因素的实证分析——基于云南省晋宁县的调查

以云南省晋宁县的农户调查问卷数据为基础,运用二元Logistic模型对农户农地转出行为的主要影响因素及影响程度进行了定量分析。实证结果表明:农地面积、农业劳动力状况、年人均纯收入、非农收入比重、农地在家庭养老保障中的重要性、农户年龄对转出行为具有显著影响,但不同因素的影响程度和方向存在差异。最后提出了发展第二、三产业,加强农村教育,发展流转中介组织,稳定农民土地承包权,建立和完善农村社会保障体系等政策建议。     

对外汉语教学的颜色词“黄”非颜色意义定量分析

颜色词"黄"的非颜色意义纷繁复杂,共有4个义类7个意义。其中,使用频率最高的为与"土地"义有关的义类,而表示"色情"意义的使用频率则远高于其他意义。在对颜色词"黄"的非颜色意义进行教学时,应该重视其意义间的引申关系,结合其出现频率,并兼顾教学对象的母语背景。     

明清时期我国基层官制的量变与质变

作为古代中国富有特色的基层官制,明至清中期,县官制度经历其最后一次渐进性发展,在县官的铨选、任用、致仕、品级、待遇、管理等制度上不断加以完善,有效地实现了制度规定、职责实现与地方社会类型的高度统一。但是经过发展的基层官制仍然没有摆脱"钱谷刑名"的核心职责,所以这一时期的县官制度仍然呈现出一种量变。晚清时代,为适应中国社会性质的蜕变,基层官制也发生了根本性的变化。随着地方自治的推行和基层官制的行政、司法权分离,传统的县官制度逐渐为近代镇(乡)官制度所取代。至此,明清基层官制经历了从量变到质变、从县官到镇(乡)官的历史性变革。尽管如此,作为一种历史悠久的基层官制,传统县官制度的合理性内核仍为现代所需。