Competition and Coordination in a Two‐Channel Supply Chain

We study competition and coordination in a supply chain in which a single supplier both operates a direct channel and sells its product through multiple differentiated retailers. We study analytically the supply chain with symmetric retailers and find that the supplier prefers to have as many retailers as possible in the market, even if the retailers' equilibrium retail price is lower than that of the supplier, and even if the number of retailers and their cost or market advantage prevent sales through the direct channel. We find that the two‐channel supply chain may be subject to inefficiencies not present in the single‐channel supply chain. We show that several contracts known to coordinate a single‐channel supply chain do not coordinate the two‐channel supply chain; thus we propose a linear quantity discount contract and demonstrate its ability to perfectly coordinate the two‐channel supply chain with symmetric retailers. We provide some analytical results for the supply chain with asymmetric retailers and propose an efficient solution approach for finding the equilibrium. We find numerically that the supplier still benefits from having more retailers in the market and that linear quantity discount contracts can mitigate supply chain inefficiency, though they no longer achieve perfect coordination.     

Bounding Optimal Expected Revenues for Assortment Optimization under Mixtures of Multinomial Logits

We consider assortment problems under a mixture of multinomial logit models. There is a fixed revenue associated with each product. There are multiple customer types. Customers of different types choose according to different multinomial logit models whose parameters depend on the type of the customer. The goal is to find a set of products to offer so as to maximize the expected revenue obtained over all customer types. This assortment problem under the multinomial logit model with multiple customer types is NP‐complete. Although there are heuristics to find good assortments, it is difficult to verify the optimality gap of the heuristics. In this study, motivated by the difficulty of finding optimal solutions and verifying the optimality gap of heuristics, we develop an approach to construct an upper bound on the optimal expected revenue. Our approach can quickly provide upper bounds and these upper bounds can be quite tight. In our computational experiments, over a large set of randomly generated problem instances, the upper bounds provided by our approach deviate from the optimal expected revenues by 0.15% on average and by less than one percent in the worst case. By using our upper bounds, we are able to verify the optimality gaps of a greedy heuristic accurately, even when optimal solutions are not available.     

零售商店绿色实践对顾客公民行为的影响研究

随着绿色发展成为国家战略,零售商店开展绿色实践是大势所趋,不仅对整个社会的绿色发展至关重要,也会对零售商店竞争力提升产生重要影响.然而,现今有关零售商店绿色实践方面的研究仍处于起步阶段,关于零售商店绿色实践对顾客公民行为影响的研究更为鲜见.文章根据亲社会行为理论、社会认同理论和精细加工理论构建零售商店绿色实践对顾客公民行为影响的概念模型,采用情境实验法进行实证检验.研究结果表明:零售商店的三类绿色实践均显著影响顾客公民行为,这种影响一方面是直接的,另一方面是通过顾客—商店认同间接作用于顾客公民行为,即顾客—商店认同在零售商店的三类绿色实践对顾客公民行为的影响路径中均起部分中介作用;顾客自我提升动机在零售商店的三类绿色实践对顾客—商店认同、顾客公民行为的影响路径中均具有正向调节作用.     

营销渠道中合同详尽性对角色外利他行为的影响——信任与投机的中介作用

以营销渠道行为理论为基础,探讨合同详尽性对经销商角色外利他行为的影响,并提出了信任与投机行为在合同详尽性与角色外利他行为关系间起中介作用。以中国家电行业经销商为调研对象,运用多元回归分析方法对660份有效问卷进行分析,研究结果表明:合同详尽性对经销商角色外利他行为具有显著的正向影响,经销商信任、供应商投机行为在合同详尽性与角色外利他行为之间起到部分中介作用。     

Dynamics of the term structure of interest rates and monetary policy: is monetary policy effective during zero interest rate policy?

The monetary policy targets the short rates; however, during zero interest rate policy (ZIRP), the short end of the yield curve cannot serve as a policy instrument. Relying on the joint yields-macro latent factors model, this study empirically examines the effect of monetary policy stances on term structure and the possible feedback effect on the real sector using the Japanese experience of ZIRP. The analysis indicates that it is the entire term structure that transmits the policy shocks to the real economy rather than the yield spread only. The monetary policy signals pass through the yield curve level and slope factors to stimulate the economic activity. The curvature factor, besides reflecting the cyclical fluctuations of the economy, acts as a leading indicator for future inflation. In addition, policy influence tends to be low as the short end becomes segmented toward medium/long-term of the yield curve. Furthermore, volatility in bond markets is found to be asymmetrically affected by positive and negative shocks and long end tends to be less sensitive to stochastic shocks than the short maturities. The expectation hypothesis of the term structure does not hold during the ZIRP period.     

储层建筑结构要素分析及在剩余油挖潜中应用

储层非均质性研究是油田开发后期剩余油挖潜、提高采收率的关键。以河流沉积学理论为指导、以现代沉积、露头调查为依据，利用密井网条件下丰富的测井资料和储层建筑结构层次分析方法对孤岛油田馆陶组上段储层进行了研究。研究认为，孤岛油田馆陶组上段储层可划分为十个层次，并将储层精细解剖到第七层次，识别出主河道、废弃河道、决口水道等七种建筑结构要素。在储层精细对比的基础上，总结出以单一河道砂体追溯为核心建立单砂体建筑结构模型的方法，并探讨了这种地质结构模型对于油田开发挖潜的重要意义。     

安全的多层门限秘密共享方案

考虑到多层组织共享秘密,设计了多层门限秘密共享方案。本文方案安全性基于RSA密码体制、Sham ir门限方案以及哈希函数的安全性。方案中,秘密份额由参与者选择和保存,秘密分发者也不知晓。每个参与者只须维护一个秘密份额,可实现对多个秘密的共享。方案不需要安全信道,算法能够保障信息安全传送以及验证真实性。     

当前国际大型连锁零售业创新趋势分析

引用财富杂志的一句话:"在21世纪最赚钱的行业中,唯一可以和IT、生物工程比肩的传统行业唯有零售业"。中国由于人口众多,零售业有着巨大的市场。各国际零售巨头在巨大的市场吸引下,纷纷涌入中国市场,中国大型连锁超市企业面临巨大的挑战。了解竞争对手的竞争手段,特别是新近发展的创新举措,是我国的大型零售企业迎接挑战的当务之急。在介绍了当前国际大型连锁零售业采用的各种创新手段,以及取得的成绩的同时,对上述的方法与手段在中国的使用可能性进行了必要的讨论。     

二阶段供应链中提前期压缩的影响与协调

提前期是衡量业务过程绩效一个重要的因素,基于时间竞争的供应链管理战略核心就在于提前期的压缩,提前期压缩是形成供应链战略优势的有力来源.在市场需求预测精度随提前期变化的假设下,采用逻辑证明和数值分析的方法,研究由供应商-零售商构成的两阶段供应链中提前期压缩对供应链及其成员收益的影响以及如何实现供应链的渠道协调.研究结果表明:当供应链的服务水平小于0.5时,提前期的压缩可以获得供应链成员收益的Pareto改进;当供应链的服务水平大于等于0.5,引入线性转移支付补偿机制,可以实现供应链的渠道协调,获得供应链成员收益的Pareto改进.     

对西部地区城市化发展的思考

阐述城市化的概念和世界与中国城市化发展的概貌；分析西部地区与国内城市化的差距；对如何提高西部地区城市化发展水平进行了一些思考。