水务工程BOT项目与风险规避初探

国家卫生部2001年6月7日颁布的《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》和国民及政府对环境保护的要求标准,给进入21世纪的中国水务工程市场带来了喜人的市场机遇,但是也存在着巨大的融资困难。BOT模式是解决融资困难的一条极其有效的途径。内资民营企业的加入将成为中国BOT水务项目的主体。通过实例对BOT水务工程存在的风险以及规避方法进行了初步探讨。     

决策者行为风险分析模型研究

从决策者的定义出发对决策者风险产生动因进行分析 ,提出了风险产生的原因 ,并在此基础上 ,构造了决策者行为风险分析模型。该模型对决策者败德行为的动机函数和效用函数进行构造 ,通过对决策者自身能力的期望和效用函数的比较分析 ,求出当效用最大化时的各种效用函数因子的关系 ,并研究不同效用函数结构下决策者进行调整的各种行为 ,最终提出了防范决策者行为风险的措施。     

Empathy and professional attitude in social workers and non-trained aides

The purpose of this study was to investigate empathic communication and professional attitude in vocational groups representing different levels of professional training. A further aim was to elucidate some aspects of the impact of the clients. Four groups of professionals participated, three with degrees as social workers and one with only short professional training. Three groups worked with committed drug addicts, one group with somatically ill patients. The 110 subjects were tested with a video-test of professional attitude and empathic communication. Different response patterns were found in the different groups. The group with short training had the highest proportion of unprofessional responses. The group of social workers working with somatically ill patients showed the highest amount of empathic communication. Furthermore, there was a distinction among the kind of unprofessional responses used by the different groups. Hypotheses on the causes of these differences and implications for future research are discussed.     

论网络空间的社会风险

互联网的崛起为人们的日常生活、学习和工作带来了诸多便利,然而,作为一种全新的信息技术范式,互联网也给人类社会生活带来了许多新的风险。文章分析和论述了网络风险的各种表现形式、网络风险的实质以及网络风险产生的根源,以期为网络风险管理提供借鉴。     

基于串行通信的双Web服务器冗余系统设计与实现

设计实现了一个基于串行口通信的双Web服务器的冗余系统,详细介绍了基于串行通信口的实现方法,并对冗余系统的原理和实现过程进行了分析。     

论信息不对称条件下大学毕业生的就业风险

随着大学生“自主择业”分配政策的实施,大学生在享受就业收益的同时也要担负起就业风险。由于信息传递机制的不合理而形成的信息不对称是造成大学毕业生就业风险的重要因素。为此,要进行制度创新,重新整合资源和各方利益,这是降低就业风险的根本。可通过建立教育中介组织和信用信息体系来降低信息成本,平滑就业风险。     

论文化交流中的误读与创造

文化交流中常常存在按照自身的文化传统、思维方式等去解读另一种文化的误读现象,并构成文化交流的障碍。文化交往中实际还存在一种有意识的误读,而这种误读恰恰是新文化产生和创造的前提。中西文化交流史上的这种现象屡见不鲜,典型者如汉唐间佛教和明清时期天主教在中国的传播。文化误读的现象不可消除,其影响也是得失兼备,因此要在平衡不同文化现象的关系的过程中,不断探索更有利于文化成长与文化交流的途径。     

The Role of Cancer Risk in the Regulation of Industrial Pollution

The extent of carcinogen regulation under existing U.S. environmental statutes is assessed by developing measures of the scope and stringency of regulation. While concern about cancer risk has played an important political role in obtaining support for pollution control programs, it has not provided the predominant rationale for most regulatory actions taken to date. Less than 20% of all standards established to limit concentrations of chemicals in various media address carcinogens. Restrictions on chemical use are more frequently based on concerns about noncancer human health or ecological effects. Of the chemicals in commercial use which have been identified as potential human carcinogens on the basis of rodent bioassays, only a small proportion are regulated. There is an inverse relationship between the scope of regulatory coverage and the stringency of regulatory requirements: the largest percentages of identified carcinogens are affected by the least stringent requirements, such as information disclosure. Standards based on de minimis cancer risk levels have been established for only 10% of identified carcinogens and are restricted to one medium: water. Complete bans on use have affected very few chemicals. The general role that carcinogenicity now plays in the regulatory process is not dramatically different from that of other adverse human health effects: if a substance is identified as a hazard, it may eventually be subject to economically achievable and technically feasible restrictions.     

Physiologically Based Liver Modeling and Risk Assessment

Because of the inherent complexity of biological systems, there is often a choice between a number of apparently equally applicable physiologically based models to describe uptake and metabolism processes in toxicology or risk assessment. These models may fit the particular data sets of interest equally well, but may give quite different parameter estimates or predictions under different (extrapolated) conditions. Such competing models can be discriminated by a number of methods, including potential refutation by means of strategic experiments, and their ability to suitably incorporate all relevant physiological processes. For illustration, three currently used models for steady-state hepatic elimination--the venous equilibration model, the parallel tube model, and the distributed sinusoidal perfusion model--are reviewed and compared with particular reference to their application in the area of risk assessment. The ability of each of the models to describe and incorporate such physiological processes as protein binding, precursor-metabolite relations and hepatic zones of elimination, capillary recruitment, capillary heterogeneity, and intrahepatic shunting is discussed. Differences between the models in hepatic parameter estimation, extrapolation to different conditions, and interspecies scaling are discussed, and criteria for choosing one model over the others are presented. In this case, the distributed model provides the most general framework for describing physiological processes taking place in the liver, and has so far not been experimentally refuted, as have the other two models. These simpler models may, however, provide useful bounds on parameter estimates and on extrapolations and risk assessments.     

邮政通信网络现代化建设的分析和对策研究

通过对我国邮政通信网现状及建设中存在问题的分析 ,探讨适合现代化邮政通信网发展的目标和原则 ,并从经济学角度 ,提出加快邮件传递时限、建设信息系统、发展业务和培育市场等完善邮政通信网建设的可行性建议