利益分割时期的安全事故与政府改进问题

政府在事故预防和处置中居于主导地位.心理学的"华生模式"和"皮亚杰模式"实现"社会学转向",可用以分析政府的责任问题.而安全事故的"强刺激"和"弱刺激"对政府改进效应是不同的.中国当前社会转型中逐步出现了城乡、单位、地方之间而主要表现为阶层之间的利益分割局面.因而政府的责任一方面不仅仅在于对某一事故的"强刺激"进行反应性改进,更应该在于包括"弱刺激"在内逐步把内化以人为本的责任伦理和信念伦理结合起来,对事故进行事前预知和防范,同时另一方面需要抑制精英阶层对整个社会利益的割据,保障社会底层的安全权益,引导底层进行安全维权,乃至抗争上层"官商秩序(结构)"的利益勾结,打破"资(方)强劳(方)弱"、"上(层)强下(层)弱"结构,从消极的"华生模式"转向积极反应的"皮亚杰模式",不断提升政府效率,保障个体生命安全和社会安全.     

Designing out vulnerability, building in respect: violence, safety and sex work policy

One recent finding about the prostitution market is the differences in the extent and nature of violence experienced between women who work on the street and those who work from indoor sex work venues. This paper brings together extensive qualitative fieldwork from two cities in the UK to unpack the intricacies in relation to violence and safety for indoor workers. Firstly, we document the types of violence women experience in indoor venues noting how the vulnerabilities surrounding work-based hazards are dependent on the environment in which sex is sold. Secondly, we highlight the protection strategies that indoor workers and management develop to maintain safety and order in the establishment. Thirdly, we use these empirical findings to suggest that violence should be a high priority on the policy agenda. Here we contend that the organizational and cultural conditions that seem to offer some protection from violence in indoor settings could be useful for informing the management of street sex work. Finally, drawing on the crime prevention literature, we argue that it is possible to go a considerable way to designing out vulnerability in sex work, but not only through physical and organizational change but building in respect for sex workers rights by developing policies that promote the employment/human rights and citizenship for sex workers. This argument is made in light of the Coordinated Prostitution Strategy.     

石景山制铁所相关数据考

本文通过考证,修正日本侵略者统治石景山制铁所时的三项重要数据。这些数据曾长期被广泛使用,具体为1944年3月发生31812起事故,是由于读错了文献,将当月所有员工的事假统计当作事故来理解;日本统治下的石景山制铁所占石景山地区的土地面积应该是1676228平方米(1.676228平方公里),为有关出版物所述的35000亩(23.331平方公里)的7.18%;石景山制铁所员工最多时是1944年10月,为2.4万人,不是有关出版物所述的5.9万人。     

Construction Safety Risk Modeling and Simulation

By building on a genetic‐inspired attribute‐based conceptual framework for safety risk analysis, we propose a novel approach to define, model, and simulate univariate and bivariate construction safety risk at the situational level. Our fully data‐driven techniques provide construction practitioners and academicians with an easy and automated way of getting valuable empirical insights from attribute‐based data extracted from unstructured textual injury reports. By applying our methodology on a data set of 814 injury reports, we first show the frequency‐magnitude distribution of construction safety risk to be very similar to that of many natural phenomena such as precipitation or earthquakes. Motivated by this observation, and drawing on state‐of‐the‐art techniques in hydroclimatology and insurance, we then introduce univariate and bivariate nonparametric stochastic safety risk generators based on kernel density estimators and copulas. These generators enable the user to produce large numbers of synthetic safety risk values faithful to the original data, allowing safety‐related decision making under uncertainty to be grounded on extensive empirical evidence. One of the implications of our study is that like natural phenomena, construction safety may benefit from being studied quantitatively by leveraging empirical data rather than strictly being approached through a managerial perspective using subjective data, which is the current industry standard. Finally, a side but interesting finding is that in our data set, attributes related to high energy levels (e.g., machinery, hazardous substance) and to human error (e.g., improper security of tools) emerge as strong risk shapers.     

土地资源管理及其行政公益诉讼制度的构建

当前，土地违法现象较为普遍，土地违法违纪在一定范围内存在。现行以行政管理为主的土地资源保护制度存在的问题。不利于国家土地保护目标的实现。建立土地行政公益诉讼制度将是应对土地资源保护不力局面的可行选择。     

Engagement strategies and change: an intentional practice response for the child welfare worker in cases of domestic violence

In order to engage mothers who are victims of domestic abuse, the child welfare worker needs to be challenged to develop an intentional practice response that includes knowledge and skill concerning the complexities of domestic violence, as well as the process of change. Developing a supportive relationship, understanding the stages of change (SOC) and engaging mothers as leaders in the change process are essential to successful child protection outcomes. Within the context of the SOC model, this practice‐based paper focuses on the importance of engaging mothers who are victims of domestic violence in conversations about their own unique dilemmas, challenges and barriers regarding change. Through the inclusion of engagement strategies such as signs of safety, active listening and cost/benefit analysis, in concert with the SOC theory, the child welfare worker would be equipped with an approach to successfully assist mothers through their change journey, ultimately keeping children safe.     

食品安全检测紧缺人才培养模式的实践与探索

以新时期高等教育理念为指导,围绕产、学、研、用四个环节,教学实践中探索出食品安全人才培养模式:紧密结合生产、生活实际,注重实践应用;建设完善食品安全相关特色课程体系,提高教学水平,培养实用人才;结合食品安全法从法律角度提升人才培养,使培养的人才同时具备科学性和法律的规范性;研究性教学、研究性实验,由培养实用人才迈向培养有研究能力、创新能力的人才。     

IMPROVING THE DELIVERY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND RELATED SERVICES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

The utility of organizational behavior management (OBM) for improving the delivery of special education and related services in public school districts was investigated in three experimental studies. Each study employed a multiple baseline design to judge the efficacy of an OBM intervention on service delivery problems common to most public school organizations. The problems and OBM interventions were: (1) expanding the range of functioning of school psychologists through performance feedback; (2) training special service teams to develop valuable individual education programs (IEPs) with a behavioral, in-service training program; and (3) ensuring the implementation of a special education resource room program by means of program consultation. All interventions were implemented by public school program managers and staff. In each study, the particular intervention resulted in improvement in service delivery performance. Results of the studies are discussed within the context of the recently enacted legislation for the education of handicapped children and in terms of generality to mental health, business, and industrial settings.     

‘We’re Civil Servants’: The Status of Trauma-Informed Care in the Community

ABSTRACT

Trauma-informed care (TIC) in social service organizations means that the organizations operate with the understanding that everyone involved has possibly experienced trauma in their lifetime. This qualitative study examined local service organizations’ usage of the 5 main principles of TIC: safety, trustworthiness, collaboration, empowerment, and choice (as developed by Fallot & Harris, 2006). Ten focus groups (n = 69) and 6 individual interviews (n = 6) with employees from administration through management were interviewed such that almost all facets of each agency were represented. The participants were asked about their agencies’ policies and practices for utilizing the 5 principles of TIC. The results suggest that the vast majority of organizations in this study implemented many of the principles of TIC with clients, though they had not labeled their practices as “trauma-informed.” However, although clients were receiving TIC, some of the principles were neglected as they pertain to staff, such as choice and empowerment. The findings of this study suggest that agencies are unaware of the relevance of TIC as it relates to staff. It is recommended that future research examine whether the use of TIC in agencies prevents “burnout,” high turnover rates, and vicarious traumatization of staff.     

The Aesthetics of Aircraft Safety Cards: Spatial Negotiations and Affective Mobilities in Diagrammatic Instructions

Instructional diagrams encountered during transit, such as the aircraft safety card, employ a range of visual elements that direct us how to move and what actions we need to undertake. However, instructions are not always easy to decipher and comprehension rates suggest that there is potential for misinterpretation. The complexity of instructions and mismatching of visual techniques give rise to an aesthetics of transit that coordinates spatial experiences and movements. Using examples from aircraft safety cards and artworks based on this format, this paper analyses how ‘transit aesthetics’ can give rise to affective experiences of spatial and mobile relationships.