“Sugar and Spice But Not Always Nice”: Gender Socialization and its Impact on Development and Maintenance of Aggression in Adolescent Girls

Aggression in girls is a problem that is gaining increased attention. The indirect forms of relational aggression historically used by girls to harm their victims are increasingly escalating into physical altercations. An understanding of the interplay between the developmental and contextual factors that contribute to learned aggression in girls is needed to inform program development that truly responds to the unique gender socialization of girls. This article examines parental, environmental, and peer factors for their contributions to the development of girls’ aggression. Implications for program development that teaches girls and their families alternative ways of expressing their needs and protecting themselves from harm is discussed.     

图式理论与语篇理解的认知分析

本文基于对阅读本质的探讨和图式理论的分析，指出阅读中读者不应拘泥于字、词、句的认知分析，而应运用语篇结构，树立语篇意识，注重内容图式、语言图式、修辞图式的积累和激活，并有意识地将此运用于外语阅读中，从而有效提高阅读能力。     

检测系统分辨力定量计算的研究

分辨力是传感器和测量仪器的重要技术参数。数字仪器的分辨力通常取决于内部模数转换器的位数,但如何确定由仪器和传感器组成的检测系统的分辨力,目前尚未见到与之相关的专门性研究成果。该文论证了检测系统的分辨力只与随机误差相关,要提高分辨力就必须减小测量结果的随机波动。通过实验提出了检测系统分辨力的定量计算公式,并证明了其置信概率大于90.9%。     

Parent and Sibling Influences on the Quality of Children's Conflict Behaviours across the Preschool Period

Parent and sibling influences on children's development of conflict management strategies were examined. Data consist of naturally occurring, in‐home sibling disputes of 37 families at two time points. The siblings were approximately two and four years old at Time 1, and four and six years old at Time 2. Parents' and children's use of conflict strategies that reflect proactive autonomy assertions such as opposition and verbal and physical power were the focus of the current study. Results suggest that parents and siblings play an important role in shaping children's conflict behaviours over time. For instance, parents' reliance on unelaborated opposition to the child, and older siblings' increased use of physical power predicted decreases in younger siblings' ability to assert themselves during conflict. In addition, increased proportions of opposition from a younger sibling was associated with the older siblings using less verbal aggression and using more mature conflict strategies such as justifying their own behaviour to their younger sibling. As sibling conflict is a salient child rearing concern for parents, practical implications are discussed.     

色散特性对毫米波频率步进雷达影响的研究

对影响毫米波频率步进雷达分辨率的主要因素进行了分析。除目标速度以外,为毫米波频率步进雷达提供频率信号的频率源的色散特性也会对雷达分辨率造成恶化影响。微波频段上的色散特性会被搬移到毫米波频段,导致毫米波发射信号和本振信号的初始相位差不为常数,对雷达系统尤其是距离分辨率造成严重影响。仿真结果与实验结果一致。为了抵消色散特性对雷达分辨率的恶化影响,可以通过对色散特性的补偿来实现。色散特性补偿的方法被应用到实现W波段频率步进频率源的设计中,满足了0.45m距离分辨率的要求。     

现代和谐理念下的司法与纠纷解决

和谐已经成为我们这个社会的主题,传统和谐理念与现代和谐理念在纠纷观等方面有着很大的不同。前者的社会基础已经瓦解,后者正在逐渐形成。我们应当在现代和谐理念之下,妥善处理司法公正和纠纷解决之间的紧张关系,大力实行多元化的纠纷解决实践,积极发展社会自治,实现纠纷的有效解决。     

在线纠纷解决机制十年发展回顾及展望

伴随着网络科技与电子商务的发展,历经了十年发展的在线纠纷解决机制的发展阶段与分布国家、提供的内容、处理争议的类型及其效果、运作经费的来源等诸多方面的现状值得认真梳理。对于ODR的回顾,让我们看到其在纠纷解决中的低成本、便捷性以及在回避管辖权等方面取得的较大成就,同时,我们也注意到ODR目前存在的安全性、保密性、身份认证及在线仲裁裁决中的执行等问题。随着全球电子商务的飞速发展以及各国政府及国际组织的高度重视,ODR作为一种新型的纠纷解决机制有着美好的发展前景。     

中国电信“拆分”行为法理分析——从反垄断视角阐释

“拆分”是世界上大多数国家电信业反垄断的救济措施，从行政法角度分析，拆分是一种政府行为，体现了政府管理市场的经济职能；从公司法角度分析，拆分于某些情况下等同于公司法上的“分立”，与“合并”相对应；从反垄断法角度分析，拆分是一种反垄断的救济措施，中国电信的三次“拆分”推动了中国电信业的发展。但仍亟需反垄断法和电信法的出台。     

海德格尔对现代科学本质的反思

海德格尔认为，现代科学建立在对世界的前科学、前理论的先验的筹划的基础上。自笛卡儿以来的西方近、现代形而上学确立了人的主体地位，存在者整体分裂为主体与客体，人作为主体，成为存在者的尺度与中心，客体通过与主体的关联而存在，正是这种对世界的先验筹划构成了现代科学的形而上学基础并使之成为可能。     

文化图式理论视角下的汉语文化对英语比喻认知障碍探析

本文以文化图式理论为依据,试图分析汉语文化对英语比喻的认知障碍。调查的结果显示,汉语的文化图式对三种不同类型的英语比喻,存在不同程度的认知障碍。当中英文化内涵不同、语言表达也不同时,学生对英语比喻的认知障碍最大,其次是对文化内涵相同、语言表达不同的英语比喻。当文化内涵相同、语言表达相似或相同时,学生对英语比喻的认知障碍较小。文章最后提出了两个消除认知障碍的有效策略。