三年——首届学生毕业晚会上的朗诵词

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伦敦都市圈及其管理体制的发展演变及特点

中世纪王权与商人的结盟使伦敦城成为伦敦发展的内核,此后伦敦围绕该内核形成了地域范围与人口的不断扩张态势。但直到工业革命后很久,伦敦才逐步形成了"双层政府管理体制",并且大都市区政府获得了越来越多的权力。伦敦都市圈在公共产品与服务的提供中还非常重视发挥私人资本的作用。     

Water Adherence Factors for Human Skin

On incidental dermal exposure to chemicals in water, a key exposure factor is the amount of water adhering to skin. Although soil adherence factors have been developed for risk assessment, measurements of water adherence on human skin have not been described. In the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) dermal risk assessment guidance, dermal dose from environmental exposures is based upon the flux rate across the skin, which assumes that an unlimited amount of chemical is available for absorption. This assumption is applicable to certain exposure scenarios such as swimming and bathing. However, exposures to contaminated water frequently involve scenarios where the available chemical is limited by the amount of water adhering to the skin, for example, during accidental splashes. We conducted studies in human volunteers to investigate water adherence per unit area of skin after brief contact with water. In two sets of experiments, either water was applied with a micropipette to 10‐cm² areas of the lower leg, foot, and hand, or the foot and hand were briefly immersed in water. In males, using a micropipette, water adherence ranged from 1.93 (foot) to 7.13 μL/cm² (lower leg). In females, it ranged from 1.10 (lower leg) to 4.83 μL/cm² (hand). Hand and foot immersion resulted in relatively higher values of 6.89 and 5.17 μL/cm², respectively, in males, and 5.40 and 6.39 μL/cm² in females. Water adherence was affected by amount of body hair and type of exposure. Water adherence factors can be used to calculate the applied dose per unit area for exposures involving intermittent water contact.     

川东T构造须家河组储层地震响应及形成机制

对川东T构造须家河组含气储层的地球物理响应特征进行了分析，采用地质与地球物理互馈结合的手段，通过合成记录正演、储层置换的方法进行了其地质形成机制研究。结果表明：T构造须家河组含气储层主要表现为低频率、弱振幅（近空白）反射，其形成机制主要有两方面的因素，一是含气层速度的降低导致振幅减弱，在薄层叠加效应的作用下，含气层下部出现弱振幅；二是含气层对高频的吸收作用，低频率导致砂泥岩互层无法分辨，表现为弱振幅。最终形成的低频率、弱振幅特征是这两种因素的综合响应，该特征在Ｔ构造高部位可以作为识别含气储层的标志。     

制度供给、财政分权与中国的农村治理

治理分为经济治理和政治治理两类项目。在中国自上而下供给主导型制度变迁的基本模式下,有必要在一个统一的框架内梳理新中国建立以来农村经济和政治治理的变迁情况。在供给主导型制度变迁模式下,中央政府针对农村治理的制度安排,往往受中央政府不同政策目标的权衡及地方政府激励相容条件的制约,从这个意义上讲,人民公社时期和改革开放至今,中国农村经济治理和政治治理的原则,都是内生于以财政收支为主要内容的国家建构过程的。特别是由于治理的实施既有赖于中央政府不同政策目标间的权衡,同时也取决于地方政府的支持和配合,因而蕴涵在不同层级政府间财政收支安排中的政府收支责任及地方政府的激励相容问题,对中国农村治理有重要影响。     

碱改性高岭土的吸油性能研究

利用NaOH浸提高温煅烧的高岭土,考察了碱的浓度、碱与高岭土的比例、反应温度和反应时间等因素对高岭土改性后吸油性能的影响,采用DTA-TG、XRD、BET、SEM、TEM等方法对碱改性高岭土的性能进行测试。实验结果表明,3 mol/L NaOH以碱土比6 mL/g在90℃下处理高岭土2h后,所得改性高岭土的吸油值大幅度提高,这归因于碱改性高岭土后平均孔径得到提高,孔分布更为集中,孔洞数量和比表面积大大增加。     

清代石柱同知王萦绪文学创作述论——兼论重庆民族地区清代中期地方官员政治心态

清乾隆石柱同知王萦绪在任期间创作了大量文学作品,基本反映了经营石柱的思想和行为。重庆民族地区清代中期地方官员有关文学作品和执政行为显示的政治心态主要体现为感恩戴德谋尽忠、随遇而安结名流和恪尽职守理子民等等,折射了忠君尽职、安民为重的品性。     

苏轼贬谪生涯与北宋岭南文化

在贬谪岭南六年多的时间里，苏轼仍以君子自强不息的精神，对岭南的佛道文化、旅游文化、饮食卫生文化以及教育科技文化加以吸收、改造、传播或建设，既在逆境中调节了自己的身心，也传承了先贤的文化精神，成为北宋时期贬谪岭南造福岭南最著名的文化巨人。     

Social perception of natural risks by local residents in developing countries—The example of the coastal area of Benin

Risk management and planning activities cannot be sustainably and efficiently implemented unless being based on a participative approach resulting from the problem consciousness and perception of the local inhabitants. This requires that the measures linked to problem perception and assessment by local stakeholders, above all by the population affected, are known. This investigation conducted in the flat Beninese coastal lagoon areas aims to assess the local inhabitants’ risk perception. The results are the following: (i) the stakeholders have group-specific ways of risk perception (according to ethnicity, social group, age); (ii) every risk management strategy should be based on the group-specific ways of risk perception and assessment; (iii) the acceptance of a given risk management strategy including interactive ways of participation can be advanced through education, dissemination of risk information as well as through communication between stakeholders.     

Teenage Black Girls and Violence: Coming of Age in an Urban Environment

Abstract

Exposure to violence and fear of violence in relation to hopefulness and anger were investigated for 30 teenage Black girls 14 to 19 years of age. Information from focus groups was included to provide a context for the empirical data. Results indicated that overall the girls were hopeful, with a mean score of 135 (SD = 18.2) out of a possible score of 168. Correlation and regression procedures revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between hopefulness and exposure to violence. No significant relationship was found between anger and hopefulness. Fear of violence was positively related to exposure to violence but did not appear related to anger or hopefulness. The findings were mixed and did not capture the kind of hopelessness and anger which often appear in the literature describing children growing up in urban environments. Through the use of focus groups the teenage girls provided contextual information which seemed to indicate that many of them shared the values of mainstream society in terms of their future aspirations and assessment of their communities.