国家与农村关系的演变与新型危机

国家与农村之间的关系格局并非一成不变,随着社会基础的变迁会发生一系列转型。根据国家对待农村的方式以及在此基础上形成的相互关系可以发现,新中国成立以来国家与农村关系始终处于调适变动之中,具体呈现为“汲取式下沉”“汲取式悬浮”“供给式下沉”以及“供给式悬浮”四种样态。在实施乡村振兴战略过程中,国家权力在乡村社会正面临一种新型危机:“供给式悬浮”。“供给式悬浮”在基层最突出的表现便是国家惠农政策落实不力与基层政权存在脱离群众的惯性,新一轮因“供给式悬浮”带来的治理性危机很可能冲击国家基层政权的合法性,这需要引起积极反思与高度警惕。     

国家投资科研项目成果的知识产权归属探讨

通过对国家投资产生的科研成果现状的分析以及与国外的相关政策的对比,讨论在不同的情况下,有可能发生的知识产权归属争议;其次,讨论在职务发明、非职务发明、有合同约定、没有约定等情况下怎样理顺权属关系。并对今后知识产权在归属方面的发展趋势作了较为深入的探讨。国家的法律或者政策应该在有效地处理和化解来自各方的权属 纠纷和矛盾,充分调动国家、集体和个人的积极性,鼓励在知识经济条件下努力创造出更多、更有价值的知识产权方面,发挥更大的作用。     

The Pinochet case: cosmopolitanism and intermestic human rights

This article explores the Pinochet case, widely heralded as a landmark, as a case of 'intermestic' human rights that raises difficult normative and empirical questions concerning cosmopolitan justice. The article is a contribution to the sociology of human rights from the perspective of methodological cosmopolitanism, developing conceptual tools and methods to study how cosmopolitanizing state institutions and cultural norms are inter-related. The argument is made that in order to understand issues of cosmopolitan justice, sociologists must give more consideration to political culture.     

State transition modeling of complex monitored health data

This article considers the analysis of complex monitored health data, where often one or several signals are reflecting the current health status that can be represented by a finite number of states, in addition to a set of covariates. In particular, we consider a novel application of a non-parametric state intensity regression method in order to study time-dependent effects of covariates on the state transition intensities. The method can handle baseline, time varying as well as dynamic covariates. Because of the non-parametric nature, the method can handle different data types and challenges under minimal assumptions. If the signal that is reflecting the current health status is of continuous nature, we propose the application of a weighted median and a hysteresis filter as data pre-processing steps in order to facilitate robust analysis. In intensity regression, covariates can be aggregated by a suitable functional form over a time history window. We propose to study the estimated cumulative regression parameters for different choices of the time history window in order to investigate short- and long-term effects of the given covariates. The proposed framework is discussed and applied to resuscitation data of newborns collected in Tanzania.     

垄断国企收入分配改革中的利益集团分析

垄断国企内部的高收入拉大了社会的贫富差距，引发了不少社会成员的不满。从2004年启动的，连续拖延了10年的收入分配制度改革，一再被搁浅，迟迟难以获得通过，其根本原因，是包括少数垄断国企高管们在内的既得利益集团的强势阻挠的结果。垄断企业收入分配改革过程中存在着不同的利益集团，他们是社会不同阶层的代表，有着各自不同的目标函数，因此会通过在政治、经济、社会等领域采取各种形式的努力，相互竞争、相互博弈，以实现各自的利益目标。目前看来，垄断国企集团虽然数量少，但规模较大，由于存在与政府规制集团利益的“共容性”，以及强大的经济实力和政治话语权，在与其他利益集团的博弈中占据优势。当前，中央关于限制垄断国企高管薪酬的“破冰之举”，有助于打破垄断国企利益集团的优势地位。     

CULTURAL STUDIES IN THE CORPORATE UNIVERSITY

This essay is about the fate of Cultural Studies in the new context of the market-based reform of Higher Education and the resurgence of liberal capitalism. As the global corporate demand for educational services increases, universities are becoming more like businesses. The trend toward a corporate style university can be seen in the way that its educational mission is being subordinated to the criteria of the flexible labour market. Neo-Liberal forms of governance introduce economic calculation into what were previously social and bureaucratic domains. The emergence of Cultural Studies in the 1960s was a challenge from the New Left to both the humanities and to the historic national mission of the university. The rise of the corporate university and its Benthamite utilitarianism in the 1980s confronted Cultural Studies with its own hiatus. The essay argues that we need to revisit Cultural Studies’ early rejection of humanism and work out a new kind of'humanism without guarantees, if we are to adequately confront this conjuncture and find the moral and intellectual resources to restore Cultural Studies as a critical and engaged practice.     

岩体变形参数的应力状态效应研究

岩体力学参数存在随应力状态不同而变化的特性，称为应力状态效应。岩体力学特性的实测值具有空间场分布特征，分析表明地应力（或围压）的有规律变化是造成岩体力学参数空间变化的主要原因。考虑到实测地应力多具有较大的离散型，尝试利用反演方法获取地应力场信息，通过多元回归分析得到实测岩体变形参数与地应力的经验关系，以研究岩体变形参数的应力状态效应。通过一工程实例研究：得到地下厂房区域的岩体变形模量为16 GPa左右，与反演分析结果也比较符合；通过应力状态效应研究得到的岩体变形参数物理场，是一个渐变的物理场模型，是更为符     

Several Issues in Research on State Emergence in China

所谓酋邦分布的绝对普遍性问题并不是当代国际学术界的公论, 明确这点对于我 们准确把握酋邦概念和理论的本来意义有积极价值。通过对古希腊等个案的分析而开 展的关于酋邦形态在欧洲和世界更多地区分布情况的进一步研究, 并不会改变关于中 国个案适用酋邦模式的基本认识, 也不会对中国国家起源的研究产生新的重大难题。 在对中国国家起源问题的理论研究中, 对国外学者成果的借鉴无疑非常重要。而这需 要研究者对有关国外资料做切实深入的了解, 从而准确理解和概括有关成果的真实意 义。目前国内有些研究虽然提出对于国外研究成果的某种概括, 但实际上并没有经过 对有关原始资料本身的认真研究, 所谓的概括性意见是不准确的。这是在当前研究中 需要注意的一个问题。

关键词: 酋邦 部落联盟 国家起源

There is no consensus in international academia on the absolutely universal appearance of chiefdom in all parts of the world. Making this point clear has positive significance for the correct understanding of the original meaning of the concept and theory of chiefdom. Further researches on the distribution of chiefdoms in Europe and other parts of the world, based on studies of ancient Greek and early medieval Germanic cases, will not change our basic understanding of the chiefdom model’s applicability to the case of China, nor will it pose a serious challenge to the ongoing researches on state emergence in China. It is undoubtedly very helpful if we diligently apply foreign academic findings to our own studies in this subject, but genuine and in-depth understanding is necessary, if researchers are to accurately interpret and sum up the real implications of these foreign materials. At present, some Chinese scholars have produced various generalizations based on their own understanding of foreign research results. However, since they are not based on careful study of the original literary sources and other materials, those “generalized” views are often inaccurate. This is a problem that deserves our serious attention in current researches.     

中国经济发展中的深层次问题

中国经济正面临何去何从的方向性问题:是进一步深化改革,抓大放小,无为而治,让市场发挥越来越多的作用;还是国进民退,让政府主导经济,发挥更多的作用?答案无疑是前者。基于以上判断,中国经济的长期深层次根本问题在于:深层次制度障碍未破除,深层次市场化改革滞后,政府、社会与市场的治理边界界定不清晰、不合理。这就导致了三重三轻的不科学发展观:重政府轻市场、重国富轻民富、重发展轻服务。要解决这些深层次问题,下一步改革的关键在于深入推进政府职能的两个根本性转变:第一,从发展型政府向服务型政府转变;第二,从全能型政府向有限型政府转变。     

Patterns of Informal Help and Caregiving in Sweden: A Thirteen-Year Perspective

This article analyses informal help and caregiving in Sweden with a focus on the scope and trends of change over time. The discussion is based on the results of three national surveys and of one survey conducted in the county of Stockholm. The results indicated that informal help and caregiving was common throughout the period under study. In the 1990s, the figures were fairly stable, while from the late 1990s to 2005 there seems to have been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of such support. Two interpretative perspectives are used to discuss this pattern. One locates its point of departure in recent welfare state changes and in the substitution argument, according to which cuts in welfare services put more pressure on people to provide informal help and care. The second perspective relates to the present debate on civil society and to its possible role in contemporary society. According to the civil society perspective, an increase in the prevalence of informal help and caregiving might be interpreted as an expression of growing civic involvement 'in its own right', without a straightforward and simple relationship to changes in the welfare state. It is argued in the article that the two frames of interpretation should not be viewed as mutually exclusive, but rather that they represent two partly complementary approaches to the understanding of the complex dynamics of unpaid work in contemporary Swedish society.