Inverse association between total testosterone concentrations,incident hypertension and blood pressure

Background.?Studies on the relationship between testosterone concentrations and blood pressure have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this study investigated the prospective association of total testosterone (TT) concentrations with risk of incident hypertension and blood pressure change in 1484 men aged 20–79 years.

Methods.?Data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany, were used. Serum TT concentrations, measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays, were categorised into age-specific quartiles. Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) models, adjusted for age, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption were specified.

Results.?During a median follow-up time of 5.0 years, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 50.6% to 57.1%. TT concentrations were significantly lower in men with baseline and incident hypertension. Analyses revealed that men with baseline TT concentrations in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of incident hypertension (odds ratio (OR), 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10–1.28)) compared to men with higher TT concentrations. Furthermore, we found a significant inverse association of TT concentrations and blood pressure, showing that men with baseline TT concentrations in the lowest quartile showed the slightest change in systolic blood pressure (?6.01?mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (?2.11?mmHg) and pulse pressure (?3.98?mmHg). Sensitivity analyses in a subpopulation of men without antihypertensive medication confirmed these findings.

Conclusion.?These results show that low male TT concentrations are predictive of hypertension, suggesting TT as a potential biomarker of increased cardiovascular risk.     

残酷战争中的温情世界——孙犁早期小说创作的浪漫主义人文理想

孙犁是现代文学史上独树一帜的作家。在残酷的战争年代里,他用温情而悠扬的笔致,抒写了一篇又一篇美与善的赞歌,极大地中和了严酷战争给人们带来的苦痛。他以浪漫而生动的写意,深刻表现了解放区军民的质朴情感与人生态度,进而集中凸现了自然与人、现实与理想的和谐统一。血色浪漫与温情主义,构成了孙犁早期小说创作的人文理想与艺术风格。     

血细胞分析仪质控物的初步研究

全血细胞分析系统成套设备作为预防、诊断疾病及肿瘤等有效技术手段。准确一致的诊断结果是所有医疗活动的核心。因此,临床使用血液细胞分析仪时,需要进行室间、室内质量控制,通过全血质控物来确认仪器的各项测定参数是否偏倚,以监控其测定结果的准确性和稳定性。但全血质控物为血液制品,因此血液中细胞成分不易稳定。使得在实际应用中并不能起到质量监控作用。笔者通过大量实验研究发现:除了在制备质控物的过程中加入适量的营养物质,以延长质控物的保存期限外,在质控物中添加适量的化学试剂-醛类物质,选择恰当浓度及最佳醛化条件来处理全血细胞是解决上述问题的关键所在。本试验选用与新鲜血液比例不同的醛化剂混合液,对全血细胞进行醛化,加入一定量的细胞保存液后,置于37℃条件下保存,通过观察得出结论:从性能稳定与成本角度、安全角度综合考虑,醛化试剂与新鲜血液采用我们优选的比例时,在37℃条件下,各参数可以稳定较长时间,这足以满足产业与临床的需求。     

论血液制品致人损害侵权中产品责任的适用

文章系统地从法律的适用、归责原则、举证责任分配和免责事由等方面阐述了血液制品一般缺陷致人损害侵权中如何适用产品责任的问题。文中重点指出，此类侵权同时属于医疗行为侵权，因此在因果关系上应采用举证责任倒置；同时，根据举证责任的分配原则和《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第7条，也兼具督促医院及时保留血液制品残液之目的，建议对血液制品存在缺陷实行举证责任倒置。     

论黎族文身的伦理隐喻

黎族文身有着深刻的伦理原因,是古代黎族母系氏族为抑止血缘婚所刻下的氏族标志,是乱伦禁忌在黎族氏族社会留下的印记。它深藏的伦理考虑和设计已被模糊在宗教、审美乃至现实解说的时间烟尘中,它原本所表达的氏族含义远不似人们认定的那样表面、浅泛。其意义和价值在于:在数千年没有同一语言、没有文字的环境中,统一了黎族的伦理秩序,保证了这个民族的生息延续。     

道义与血统的较量——解读福克纳《烧马棚》中的沙多里斯·斯诺普斯

威廉·福克纳的作品<烧马棚>是一个非常出色的短篇故事.它讲述的是一个十岁的孩子在面对父亲用暴力解决一切矛盾的处事原则时所做出的抉择.本文在细读文本的基础上,通过分析故事中主要人物父亲阿伯纳与儿子沙多里斯在道德观念上的冲突与矛盾,运用弗洛伊德的心理分析的批评理论解读<烧马棚>中的主要人物沙多里斯·斯诺普斯--一个十岁的孩子成长的心路历程.     

Nonspecific Urethritis: Its Current Status

Abstract

The etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of nonspecific urethritis (N.S.U.) is discussed. Chlamydia seems to be responsible for approximately 40–50% of cases while the etiology of the remainder remains obscrue. There seems to be reasonably good evidence for venereal transmission as well as for treatment of the female partner whether symptomatic or asymptomatic.

Tetracyline given for 21 days or oxytetracycline given for four days seem to be the most effective first line treatment regimens at this time.

Complications which include prostatitis, epididymitis, urethral stricture, and Reiter's Syndrome, are discussed. It appears as though there is a reasonable possibility that Reiter's Syndrome is a separate entity (or immunological sequela) rather than a complication.     

Lesbian Blood Drives as Community-Building Activism in the 1980s

As gay men began voluntarily withdrawing from blood donation in the early 1980s, lesbians in community with gay men in several U.S. cities organized drives to replenish the blood supply. These drives were sometimes the continuation of previously established drives by gay–lesbian organizations or faith communities, sometimes new initiatives in response to HIV/AIDS. However, after the initial publicity, mention of lesbian blood drives in print is both scarce and brief. Focusing on drives organized from 1983 to 1992 by a group known as San Diego Blood Sisters, this article is an initial step in documenting lesbian blood drives to inform and enrich conversations about histories of responses to HIV/AIDS, theoretical discussions of how community connections in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer spectrum are enacted and understood, and emerging research on intersections of gender and sexuality as they are expressed through blood donorship.     

“智者受难”的主题变形——论《荒原》中先知形象承载的救赎价值

“智者受难”的哲学主题在西方文学中反复出现。受难的智者一方面承担“积极的罪行”,代表了一种“大写的人”的意志,另一方面,智者受难又是对人“站起来”之后的反驳和人类泛滥的欲望的有效克制。T.S.艾略特的《荒原》中出现了众多先知或智者形象,或衰老,或患病,或困在笼子里,或丧失预言能力,其命运引证“智者受难”的传统文化主题。诗人以现代诗歌的技法对其进行“变形处理”,赋予了这些先知形象以救赎荒原的精神价值。《荒原》表达对文明危机的反思和超越,作为宗教神的耶稣基督也重新被还原为某一繁殖神的神话原型,这就把救赎指向了恢复文化源头的感情、精神和智性的生命。     

采供血机构用血返还在无偿献血中的重要性及资料归档管理

公民参加无偿献血活动后,对其实施用血返还政策,是在法律上体现对献血者的行为和利益给予的保障,也鼓励着越来越多的健康公民加入无偿献血行列。实现献血者无论在国内任一城市献血后,都可以选择在任一家血站就近一次性办理完结报销手续的服务流程,是我们今后努力的方向。