翻译伦理观下的中国特色词汇翻译

翻译是一项积极的伦理交往活动。作为对翻译研究的文化转向,翻译伦理站在对翻译进行价值评判的角度,探寻差异性文化交流的最佳切合点,以达到文化交流中最大限度的沟通与理解。中国特色词汇承载着中国特定的历史与民族文化。文章结合切斯特曼的基本翻译伦理模式从四个方面探讨了中国特色词汇翻译中译者应遵循的伦理模式,为差异文化对话、互渗、共生道路的寻求做些尝试。     

外宣翻译应以异化为主

基于翻译忠实和功能对等的原则,借助有关一般文化翻译的异化归化观,依据我国外宣翻译的目的,讨论汉语外宣资料中文化特色新词语的特点,提出并论述对它们的翻译应遵循的具体原则和策略：强调以异化为主,在实际的语料中也常取异化和归化相结合的策略,不得已时偶尔侧重于归化。这样的观点应该是我国外宣翻译之正道。     

后设表述在菜单英译中的应用——基于跨文化背景下文化专有项的翻译研究

文化专有项富含源语的文化因子,翻译过程中容易造成不同程度的文化亏损。后设表述作为一种文化补偿策略,能汲取归化与异化两种翻译倾向的优点,在澄清西方读者的诠释盲点、促进中华饮食文化国际传播方面具有独特的效果。文章在跨文化背景指导下,以中式菜肴的菜单名翻译为例,从译者的立场、内容侧重、注意事项、运用要求等方面例示后设表述的运用细则,阐释如何将菜单翻译中的文化亏损减少到最小,最大限度地保留中华饮食文化的精髓。     

模因论视阈下毛泽东诗词中文化专有项翻译

翻译过程既是一种跨文化交际活动,又是模因传播过程,是对源语模因进行重新解码、编码、重组的信息流通过程。模因论为中国文化专有项的翻译提供了一定的理论依据,译者作为传播模因的宿主,可以通过音译、直译及变体模因等方式将汉语模因引入目的语,从而将中国文化专有项传播给译语读者。翻译过程中,译者应该使源语模因在译语文化中得到最大限度地保真。     

Forming relationships in Australia: Qualitative insights into a process important to human wellbeing

Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted during 2002–03 for the Australian Family Formation Decisions (AFFD) Project, this paper probes the relationship formation experiences of 115 women, men and couples of family-forming age living in eastern Australia. Contemporary relationship formation is characterized by a mixture of ambivalence and resignation to having limited control over the process on the one hand (if it happens it happens), and urgency on the other, especially among women seeking to fulfil maternal ambitions in their thirties after prioritizing other things earlier in their adult lives. For most the process of partnering involves trial and error, with timing — finding someone whose expectations of a relationship match one's own — posing a major challenge. It gives rise to a common phenomenon, the ‘too soon syndrome’, where relationships with many positive attributes are abandoned because one party perceives the other as too keen to ‘settle down’, and/or himself or herself as not ready to do so. The paper also examines impediments to partnering, including traditional ones like shyness; negative trial-and-error experiences; the demands of study and career establishment; pursuit of agendas emphasizing travel and enjoyment; sole parenthood; and parental marriage breakdown. A framework is provided by Beck's (1992) concept of reflexive modernization, and his associated proposition that life has become highly individualized with an emphasis on creating do-it-yourself biographies.     

Toward a Cultural Competence Measure for Social Work with Specific Populations

Abstract

The notion that cultural competence is crucial to sound social work practice is widely accepted in the profession. However, there exists a gap between the achievement of the goal of developing culturally competent practitioners through social work education and the ability to measure such competence. A second gap exists between education and the providing of culturally appropriate services in everyday practice. These gaps are likely due to (1) the broad terms used to define cultural competence, (2) the slow evolution of instrumentation to measure cultural competence, and (3) the lack of culture-specific training and measurement techniques. This paper assesses the need for further refinement of the concept and suggests a new approach for the development of instruments to measure it. The authors provide an overview of the construct of cultural competence, analyze the conceptual and empirical foundations of four well-known measures, and provide a rationale forthe development of culture-Specific instruments.     

The politics of joking: narratives of humour and joking among adults with Asperger’s syndrome

The purpose of this article is to analyse how humour and narratives about humour are used in a natural group of adults with Asperger’s syndrome. Narratives about humour and use of humour in the group are analysed from a discursive psychological perspective, informed by insights from both disability studies and critical autism studies. The setting of the research is ethnographic fieldwork in an educational setting in Sweden. In the paper, I show the use of three storylines among a natural group of people with autism (PWA) when talking about humour: the storyline of humourless PWA that dominates within Swedish society; and two alternatives, a storyline of alternative humour among PWA and another storyline in line with the social model of disability, of neurotypical humour or disabling humour. When invoking these two alternative storylines, PWA challenge both the humourlessness storyline and the lack of social accessibility within mainstream neurotypical settings.     

An investigation into social media syndromic monitoring

Tweets offer us early information on initial stages of diseases, since people often tweet the early symptoms of feeling unwell prior to presenting to an emergency department if their symptoms become more severe. Even when people do present at an emergency department, it generally takes over 24 hours for their information to be collected, diagnosed and transferred for analysis at a centralized location. The advantage of utilizing tweets is that they offer information on syndromes in real-time. This paper investigates the value of carrying out multivariate syndromic surveillance using daily counts of keywords. The dynamic bi-plot is used to detect unexpected changes in the daily counts. These methods can be easily generalized to hourly tweet syndromic counts. By following Twitter users that suffer certain symptoms over time we can better understand the burden of these health issues and better understand emerging health issues. Monitoring people who present with symptoms but are just not sick enough to go to emergency departments provides us with additional information not gathered by emergency departments.     

《满城尽带黄金甲》英文字幕中文化词语的翻译研究

中国迅速发展的电影产业使不同文化背景的人们进行跨文化交际成为一种需要。汉英字幕翻译已经成为外界了解中国的一种重要手段。文化是和语言紧密相关的,语言是文化的载体。对字幕翻译者来说,如何处理字幕中的文化词语已经变得尤为关键。本文将对《满城尽带黄金甲》字幕中的文化词语翻译模式进行研究,从中找出电影字幕中文化词语翻译的一般规律和经验。     

Measures of mortality in the study of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in the UK haemophilia population

Two statistical issues that have arisen in the course of a study of mortality and disease related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the haemophilia population of the UK are discussed. The first of these concerns methods of standardization for age and it is shown that, when the mortality of HIV-infected individuals with different severities of haemophilia are compared, an analysis based on the ratio of observed to national expected deaths suggests that mortality in HIV-infected individuals depends on the severity of their haemophilia. This conclusion is inappropriate and mortality in HIV-infected individuals is, in fact, similar regardless of severity of haemophilia. The second part of the paper discusses the effect of using various end points for studies of survival and progression of HIV-related disease. In the present example it was possible to calculate relative survival in HIV-infected individuals, i.e. survival after correcting for mortality expected in the absence of HIV infection. An analysis based on absolute survival gave a very similar picture of the effect of age at infection to an analysis based on relative survival, whereas an analysis based on the time to diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) underestimated the effect substantially and the possible alternative end point of time to AIDS or HIV-related death was shown to be subject to considerable misclassification error.