论《桃花扇》最初并非表达兴亡之感的作品

孔尚任在石门山隐居期间创作了《桃花扇》初稿,他在《桃花扇本末》中说:正是有感于李香君的故事“新奇可传”,才产生了创作《桃花扇》的动机。可见,他创作《桃花扇》首先是出于一种“传奇”的心理。孔尚任积极入世,1678~1681年三年之间,两次求取清廷功名,这期间的创作根本不可能抒发兴亡之感。事实上,他隐居期间创作的诸多作品也没有任何一篇与抒发兴亡之感有关。由此可以看出:《桃花扇》最初并非为表达兴亡之感而作。     

汉代今文经学的盛衰

今文经学是西汉的显学,但到东汉开始衰落。今文经学的衰落,固然与烦琐化、神秘化有一定关系,同时,也与各以家法教授的博士制度有关,而最深层的原因则在于与现实政治的联系。今文经学的历史任务是为君主专制的中央集权政治制度作理论论证,《白虎通义》标志这一历史任务的完成,故成为今文经学由盛转衰的关节点,这是今文经学由盛转衰的根本原因。     

堕落、探求与拯救——《蝇王》原型主题之重释

<蝇王>是戈尔丁精心打造的具有现代神话特质的、典型的原型文本,其主题一直是学界至今依然关注的焦点之一,而其原型理论之下的主题阐释亦有多种.本文通过与希腊神话和圣经的原型比对,倾向于<蝇王>的真正主旨在于探寻人性堕落的缘由,并探求人性和全人类最终的救赎之路.     

主粮政策调整与环境变迁研究——以中国南方桄榔类物种盛衰为例

在中国汉文典籍中,“桄榔”一词的指代对象包括棕榈科的桄榔(Arenga)、鱼尾葵(Caryota)和糖棕(Borassus)等众多属的多种植物。该类植物在中国南方的早期农业实践中发挥着重要作用,被当地各族先民作为重要的粮食作物进行栽培和利用。随着“大一统”多民族国家建立,历代朝廷在颁布和执行主粮税收政策的过程中,因没有将该类作物及相关民族文化纳入国家的管理体系,从而致使该类作物的利用范围经历了由盛转衰的递变。当代,桄榔类植物已基本失去了其作为粮食作物利用的价值,某些物种(如鱼尾葵属的董棕)的活态传承更是到了命悬一线之境地。立足于此,综合政策实施、主粮消费和环境变迁等要素,对桄榔类物种展开全面讨论,回顾其盛衰的历史过程,总结经验与教训,发掘当代的经济价值与生态价值,当有一定的理论与现实意义。     

论政权兴亡的民生视角

民生决定民心。民生问题的解决程度决定着社会的进步和政权的兴亡。只有关注民生、改善民生,才能赢得民心、赢得政权,历史上许多政权的得失都证实了这个规律。在新的历史时期,执政党必须高度重视并进一步改善民生,它是关乎政权能否长治久安的政治问题。     

Aging in Asia: A cultural,socio-economical and historical perspective

Asia has about 60% of the world population and population aging is occurring more rapidly in Asia than in Western countries. The group aged 65 years and above will increase from 207 million in 2000 to 857 million in 2050, a staggering increase of 314%. The diversity in economic, demographic, religious, cultural and geo-political factors in Asia is unparalleled by any other continent, and is, in part, contributory to the rapid rise in population aging. By 2050, those under 15 years old will have shrunk from 30% in 2000 to 19%, while those aged 65 years and above will increase from 6% to 18%. In addition, the gender divide still persists with 100 elderly women to 70 elderly men. These projected demographic changes pose three major challenges: 1) how best to address the rising population of the group aged 65 years and above, 2) how to address the shrinking population of the young as well as the working adults, and 3) how to address the problems arising from the disproportionate increase in older women than men. From now to 2050, it will be expeditious for each country in Asia to look into ways of reversing the decline in total fertility rates (TFRs) and restore to replacement levels. If not, at least introduce measures to halt its free fall. Due to the complexity of factors that have influenced the fall in TFRs in Asia, it will be a daunting task to reverse this fall. There is no “single size fits all” solution to this complex problem. Research work in this short-term strategy in addressing the aging population is urgent. In the longer term, the East-West Centre have suggested four modalities, 1) establish policies and programmes that enhance traditional Asian systems of family support for the elderly; 2) introduce policy reform that encourages the elderly who are still capable of remaining in the work force; 3) create institutions and systems that support high levels of personal saving; and 4) formulate public programmes, including pension schemes and national healthcare systems. We need to work while there is time.     

西罗马帝国生态环境恶化的历史考察

战争的破坏,统治者的榨取,致使地力衰竭,发生粮荒。滥伐森林,导致水土流失,进而引发瘟疫横行,人口减少,这一切成为西罗马帝国衰亡的最根本原因之一。     

论民族兴衰的根本原因

本文从社会人类学的角度探讨了民族形成的问题，指出人文选择是各民族兴衰存亡的根本原因。有了人文选择这个概念，各族群的地理分布、亲缘关系、考古发现和文化变迁等一系列问题都能得到统一的解释。     

徐坤长篇新作《春天的二十二个夜晚》的悲剧意蕴

《春天的二十二个夜晚》一反作者固有的调侃风格 ,以凝重伤怀的纪实化笔触描绘了女主人公爱情精神生存的悲剧 ,展现了整个都市人群生存的悲剧状态。     

欧洲一体化与美国战后多边自由贸易体系的兴衰

二战结束后,美国倡导建立了多边自由贸易体系,这一体系以美国的经济霸主地位为前提,以倡导自由贸易为主题;出于冷战需要,美国全面支持欧洲一体化,一体化与多边贸易体系共存共赢.从20世纪50年代末到60年代末,一体化高筑贸易壁垒,对多边自由贸易体系形成挑战,肯尼迪政府倡导扩大贸易法下的多边谈判,多边自由贸易体系曲折发展.60...