The Relationship between Social Dominance Orientation and Child Sexual Abuse Credibility Assessment

ABSTRACT

Allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) across various contexts have often been denied or ignored by a multitude of people, including those who do not personally know the alleged perpetrators or victims. The lack of belief of children’s CSA reports is problematic, as this may affect the child’s adjustment, the consequences for the alleged perpetrator, and the likelihood of other victims reporting abuse that they experienced. One plausible explanation for low credibility is the variable of social dominance orientation. In the current study, a diverse sample (N = 60) read a hypothetical vignette of a CSA allegation, rated the credibility of the child, and completed the Social Dominance Orientation-7 scale (SDO-7). Results supported that high social dominance orientation predicts low credibility ratings of the child’s CSA allegation. Findings may impact how clinicians and investigators approach the assessment of credibility of CSA allegations, how they appraise the opinions of others about such credibility, and jury selection in the court system.     

Regional Prevalence,Patterns and Correlates of Sexual Coercion Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multi-Country Population-Based Study

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the prevalence, perpetrators, and factors associated with forced sexual acts. Methods: Pooled secondary data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in 22 sub-Saharan African countries was used in this study. The individual woman components of the questionnaire involving 148,720 women of reproductive age (15-49?years) were analyzed. Percentages and graphs were used to present distribution of study variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with sexual coercion. Results: Forced sexual acts were prominent in Rwanda (15.7%), Gabon (12.3%) and Democratic Republic of Congo (10.9%). The lowest mean age at first forced sexual acts was recorded in Gabon (14.1?years), Comoros and Mali (14.9?years each), whereas the maximum was recorded in Namibia (25.9?years). Results from adjusted logistic regression models identified that factors such as high women decision making power, large spousal age difference, rural residence, Islamic religious beliefs and listening to radio were significantly associated with reduction in the odds of forced sexual acts. Conversely, high-risk partner’s behavior, older age at start of first marriage, early age at sexual debut, most disadvantaged community, education, and the use of newspapers were significantly associated with higher odds of forced sexual acts. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, policies should be reinforced to handle perpetrators of sexual violence especially non-intimate partners. Population-based preventive measures of sexual coercion are essential to complement justice system responses. Our findings also showed the importance of building gender equity as part of sexual violence prevention approach.     

基于序化机理的价值型股票选择研究

面对日益重要但风险共生的股票市场,如何有效进行股票选择成为股票投资决策的关键问题.在对现有研究进行分析的基础上,文章运用“数据打包”方法、区间数据优势度排序决策方法,从数据表示、方法选择两个方面综合考虑稳健型准则,建立了基于序化机理的价值型股票选择策略.研究结果显示,基于区间数据优势度排序决策方法的价值型股票选择策略能够有效地序化备选股票,同时,相对于市场平均收益水平能够获得超额收益.     

女性救赎之路及其困惑——从毕淑敏《女心理师》中的贺顿谈起

在男权话语依然占统治地位的当代话语框架下，女性作家毕淑敏力图通过对笔下的女主人公贺顿作反传统的刻画．使主人公贺顿在自我救赎中凸现女性主体，达到对女性社会性属的再建构．消解已有的女性在社会的第二性别。但其在叙述过程中对身体表述的自我怀疑，又造成了贺顿在自我救赎中出现难以突围的困囿，而这造成了对自我的否定．在一定程度上也是对男权话语秩序的顺从。     

An Analog Study of First Language Dominance and Interference over Second Language

The purpose of this study was to design a model for “first language” dominance over “second language” performance and the interference of one language over the other. Two sets of equivalence relations showing a common element (i.e., the reference) were established under different contextual conditions. One set (“first language”) was over trained relative to the other (“second language”). Dominance of the “first language,” as demonstrated in relations involving the common element, was determined by examining performances in the absence of contextual stimuli. Interference by one language over the other was modeled by examining the degree to which resurgence of “first language” and “second language” relations would occur in extinction, following a period of exposure to inconsistent test trials. In addition, both selection-based (i.e., copy text) and topography-based (i.e., intraverbal) equivalence were examined in these areas. The results demonstrated that the development of an analog for a bilingual repertoire, the domination of the “first language” over the “second language” and the interference of one language over the other, were established.     

美国总统与国会争夺外交主导权的根源及实质

尽管美国的对外政策从根本上取决于美国的国家利益要求,但总统和国会一直为争夺主导权进行着斗争。本文认为,出现这一现象是美国宪法在外交权方面界定的模糊性以及由此而导致的对各自权力份额解释的利己性所引起的。作者认为,这种模棱两可性一方面使宪法适应了各种新的政治压力,另一方面使得人们在相互竞争的原则下达成妥协。这反过来又有利于美国国家利益的实现。     

国际经济立法的发展趋势

以往，西方发达国家在国际经济立法方面，占绝对主导地位；为适应形势的变化，主导态势正发生着内在的变异：即由绝对性主导向相对性主导变异、由硬性主导向软性主导变异、由单一性主导向多边协调性主导变异、由重视国际经济立法的制定权和决策权向重视国际经济法律规范操作过程中的解释权和实施权变异     

苔丝悲剧的重新解读

该文在指出以往对苔丝形象悲剧意义解读的偏颇的基础上 ,着重运用现代批评理论中的女性主义批评进行重新解读 ,认为苔丝形象的悲剧意义主要在于向自古以来、举世皆然的性别统治发出诘难 ,敦促人们去认真反思和努力根除这种弥漫于社会文明中积重难返的痼疾     

建设创新型河南的经济学分析

根据科技主导经济发展规律和社会主义节约规律,河南要实现经济增长方式转变,必须建设创新型区域;从现有条件出发,运用科技可以跳跃式前进和科技同市场经济结合产生巨大活力的原理,河南完全能够实现跨越式发展。在建设创新型河南过程中必须摆脱机械成本论和静态比较优势论的束缚,按照科学技术运行的机制转变战略思维,强力实施正确的方略。     

Age Differences in the Correlates of Perceived Dominance*

Previous evidence indicates that the correlates of dominance vary over studies. We hypothesized that one source of this variability is that dominance shifts with age from being associated with aggression to being more associated with prosocial behavior and sociometric status. To test this, we examined 10 vs. 13 year-old boys' perceptions of dominance, using a measure that assessed the perceived outcomes of dyadic agonism. In a sample consisting predominantly of lower- and middle-SES boys from public schools attending a racially integrated summer program for youths with behavior problems, we examined the relation between perceived dominance, sociometric status, and measures of social behavior, including physical and verbal aggression. Perceived dominance was associated with hitting and bullying among 10 year-olds, whereas among 13 year-olds it was more closely associated with sociometric status. The measure of perceived dominance we present produced rigidity scores comparable to those found using behavioral measures of dominance.