从背井离乡到创新创业 ——兼论互联网使用对创业的作用

文章利用2016年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据探讨了外出务工经历对农民创业的影响.实证分析表明,外出务工经历显著提高了农民创业概率1.67％.使用工具变量法和倾向得分匹配法对内生性进行弱化后,上述结果仍旧稳健.并且发现异质性外出务工经历中,企业务工经历对创业行为并无显著影响,而自由工作、个体工商户等非企业工作经历则显著提升了农民创业概率,这为不同类型的外出务工经历对创业的影响提供了新的经验证据,打开了外出务工经历的"黑匣子".对外出务工影响创业的机制进一步探讨发现,外出务工经历会通过社会资本、物质资本和人力资本三个渠道提高农户创业概率,而创业动机并非其影响机制.同时,文章发现,互联网使用在一定程度上与外出务工具有类似的功能,对外出务工经历存在一定的替代效应.最后,文章研究表明外出务工经历对本地创业具有显著影响,而对外地创业的影响则不显著;相较于雇主创业,外出务工经历对自雇创业具有显著的正向影响.     

民国时期汉语语文辞书词性标注研究——以《王云五大辞典》为例

民国时期为我国汉语语文辞书古今转型的关键时期,《王云五大辞典》是该时期第一部采用现代汉语语法体系为字词标注词性的白话词典,本文对《王云五大辞典》的词类划分依据和词性标注特点进行了较为系统的剖析,并与其他代表性辞书的词性标注加以对比,总结《王云五大辞典》在词性标注理念的时代创新性,也指出其字词词性标注中存在的不足,供当前的辞书编纂参考借鉴。     

Benevolence-dominant,authoritarianism-dominant,and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance

We propose a new typology of paternalistic leadership styles based on how leaders demonstrate authoritarianism and benevolence, the two essential components of this type of leadership. Benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership refers to leaders' sole dependence on the use of benevolence without their strong assertion of authority, whereas authoritarianism-dominant paternalistic leadership is based mainly on authoritarianism itself; classical paternalistic leadership, which best fits early observations of paternalistic leaders, refers to the salient combination of both leadership components. We used two distinct samples and methods to test this typology and the association with subordinate performance. Across the two studies, a field investigation with Taiwanese military supervisor-subordinate dyads and a hypothetical scenario experiment with U.S. working adults, we found a positive relationship between classical paternalistic leadership and subordinate performance as strong as that between benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership and performance. Our findings echo the phenomenon that paternalistic leaders tend to combine benevolence with authoritarianism to affect subordinate performance.     

The heterogeneous impact of pension income on elderly living arrangements: evidence from China’s new rural pension scheme

This paper investigates the impact of pension income on living arrangements of the elderly. Taking advantage of a unique opportunity due to the recent establishment and expansion of the New Rural Pension Scheme in China, we explicitly address the endogeneity of pension status and pension income through a fixed-effect model with instrumental variable approach by exploiting exogenous time variation in the program implementation at county level. We find an overall positive effect of pension income on independent living as well as considerable heterogeneity. The positive income effects of the NRPS are concentrated among the elderly with adult children living nearby, of higher socio-economic status, and with better health at baseline; for other groups, the effects are insignificant. We also find that more generous programs exhibit larger effects. Our results highlight that living arrangement is multidimensional in rural China.     

中国员工企业伦理态度调查及分析

随着中国市场经济的发展,各种企业丑闻的频发引起业界广泛关注,公司治理越来越受到重视。已有的研究表明,员工企业伦理态度关乎员工承诺度和企业竞争力。本文依据个人层次研究理论,采用实证分析方法,选择国内6家企业的员工为调研对象,沿用国外企业伦理个体层次研究中广泛使用的量表"Attitude Towards Business Ethics Questionnaire"(ATBEQ)即企业伦理态度量表,考察当代中国企业员工对企业伦理态度的看法;另外,也分析了不同的工作年限,性别,学历,户口等因素下的企业员工伦理态度差异。调查结果显示:中国员工的企业伦理观存在困惑;大部分中国员工有企业利益相关者意识;教育对企业员工伦理态度存在显著影响。     

宪法宣誓制度的“实”与“名”

宪法宣誓制度之"实"在于"宪法",是宪法实施的一种重要方式;宪法宣誓制度之"名"在于"仪式",是认真对待宪法的一种公开表达。中国宪法宣誓制度有着充分的宪法依据,域外宪法宣誓制度与已有的地方宣誓实践为中国宪法宣誓制度的规范构建提供了充足的智识资源。     

1950年代:“本质—特征论”文学定义的形成及影响

1950年代形成了"本质—特征论"的文学定义,即先界定文学的意识形态本质,再界定文学是用形象的方式来反映社会生活、体现意识形态的特征。这一定义的思维方式是先界定事物的普遍性,再界定事物的特殊性,突出事物的普遍性关联,轻视事物的独特性质的揭示,使得文学研究本应着重研究文学的特殊性成为空话,不利于认识文学自身的规律。1980年代的文学审美论试图突破这种定义方式,但1990年代以来,反本质主义的文学语境论再次回到从事物的关联性定义事物的思维老路,文学自身本质问题受到质疑,弱化了文学与审美关联的重要性与必要性。     

试述马克思主义大众化传播应坚持的四个基本原则

马克思主义大众化传播是一个极其复杂、艰巨的社会系统工程。学术界对于马克思主义大众化传播应该坚持什么样的原则和方法也是众说纷纭。从当代世界和中国现实情况、信息传播技术飞速发展的时代背景,以及马克思主义理论创新发展的内在规律出发,马克思主义大众化传播应坚持指导思想一元和文化价值多元的统一、理论逻辑和生活逻辑的统一、科学性与通俗性的统一、传承性和开放性的统一等四个基本原则。     

Study on Time Expectancy of Care for Daily Living of Chinese Elderly

According to the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and applyin g methods of Sullivan and multistate life table,this paper examines the time expectancy of care for daily living of Chinese elderly and its proportion in their elderly life.The results find that there exists a signifi cant gender gap of the expectancy,which the male at 65averagely are expected to have four to five care years while the female at 65averagely are expected to have seven to eight care years.The time expectancy for slight care of daily living is longer than that for sever care.Additionally,there is no significant difference between urban elderly and rural elderly.However,as age increases,the time expectancy for slight care goes down while that for sever care stabilities at a constant at different ages.The time expectancy for different types of care and its proportion in the rest of life are significantly various.The study points out that the establishment and improvement of care insurance system and the elderly care service are very necessary.