产能有限的供应商主导的双渠道分销策略研究

在供应商产能有限的背景下,研究供应商的最优分配策略和双渠道分销的问题。根据期望利润最大化建立供应商渠道分配模型,依据纳什均衡确定供应商的最优定价、最优产能和最优分销策略。结果表明,在双渠道策略的情况下,供应商应该优先满足销售企业的销售量。若供应链的销售量恰好得到满足,供应商应该按最优产能生产。供应商的渠道选择与供应商产能、供应链各节点的盈利能力和生产成本有关。     

Joint product assortment,inventory and price optimization to attract loyal and non-loyal customers

In this paper, we analyze the emerging retail practice of carrying a combined product assortment consisting of both regular “standard” products and more fashionable and short-lived “special” products. The purpose of this practice is to increase store traffic by attracting heterogeneous classes of customers, which drives up sales of standard products due to the potential cross-selling effect. Customers who are primarily attracted by special products will also buy some standard products. In this context, we analyze three decisions that are crucial for a retailer׳s commercial success: the product assortment, the inventory levels and the pricing. We propose an optimization model and an iterative heuristic to analyze the trade-offs between the combined product assortment, the inventory level and the price per product when there is limited shelf space. Using numerical experiments, we show that our heuristic can be trusted and that its accuracy improves when the number of products increases. Our findings indicate that to attract more customers for standard products, a retailer may benefit from carrying low priced special products which, if considered in isolation, would be non-profitable. As the cross-selling effect decreases, a retailer should focus more on the standard assortment by increasing its size and decreasing the prices. However, introducing special products and ignoring the cross-selling effect may decrease a retailer׳s profitability. We show that the introduction of special products involves more than just choosing the right specials for non-loyal customers but impacts the global assortment planning, the standard products and the products pricing.     

论列宁"计算和监督"的思想具有社会协调发展的性质

论述了十月武装起义前后，列宁关于调节社会经济发展的主要思想，指出列宁关于“计算和监督”的思想充分反映了无产阶级在夺取政权时期以及夺得政权之后的社会发展思想，这主要表现为缓和社会主义与资本主义的矛盾关系，以及主张利用资产阶级专家的作用等方面。     

The Sources of Error in Psychology

The backgrounds and roles of school interpreters who provide interpretation services for limited English proficient students were investigated through a survey study. The results are based on a total of 89 interpreters working in schools throughout New York State. A total of 29 languages were represented in the two samples of interpreters with Spanish being the most frequently used language. Most of the interpreters had Bachelors Degrees or higher but very few had any formal training in interpretation. The results suggest that most interpreters work on a part-time basis. The interpreters reported providing services for a number of different school personnel while fulfilling numerous roles that included interpreting during assessment sessions as well as during parent meetings. The implications of the findings are discussed from the perspectives of the training and recruiting ofschool interpreters. The limitations of the findings are also examined.     

论《管锥编》的文学类型理论——兼及《文学理论》的类型理论

文学类型的演变现象是文学史与文学理论经常探讨与研究的对象。文章通过分析《管锥编》一书之中对该问题的深入探讨，研究钱钟书的文学类型理论，认为文学类型的“大体”也就是一个不断产生“变体”的动态演化物，而“变体”作为新旧过渡的桥梁，起着承上启下的重要作用。     

现代金融学理论的疏漏与分歧

基于理性人假设的有效市场理论认为证券价格总是可以充分反映可获得的信息。传统金融学的绝大多数研究领域,尤其是证券分析理论,都是在这一学说及其应用的基础上建立起来的。然而从上个世纪80年代开始,这一理论受到了空前的质疑,首先是来自噪音学派关于交易成本的批评,随后是来自行为金融学关于有限套利和噪音交易等更为严厉的质疑。本文从现代金融学理论的分歧入手,讨论资产价格决定因素的不同解释,分析了传统金融学与行为金融学的关系,认为有效市场理论与行为金融学两者本是同一理论体系的两个方面,相互补充和完善,而不是相互排斥。     

Likelihood Estimation for Censored Random Vectors

This article shows how to construct a likelihood for a general class of censoring problems. This likelihood is proven to be valid, i.e. its maximizer is consistent and the respective root-n estimator is asymptotically efficient and normally distributed under regularity conditions. The method generalizes ordinary maximum likelihood estimation as well as several standard estimators for censoring problems (e.g. tobit type I-tobit type V).     

A hazard model of the probability of medical school drop-out in the UK

Summary.  From individual level longitudinal data for two entire cohorts of medical students in UK universities, we use multilevel models to analyse the probability that an individual student will drop out of medical school. We find that academic preparedness—both in terms of previous subjects studied and levels of attainment therein—is the major influence on withdrawal by medical students. Additionally, males and more mature students are more likely to withdraw than females or younger students respectively. We find evidence that the factors influencing the decision to transfer course differ from those affecting the decision to drop out for other reasons.     

论我国公司资本制度的创新

公司资本制度以保护交易安全为己任,只有在其它措施保护了交易安全的前提下,公司资本制度才可以兼顾效率.目前我国信用缺失且缺乏保护债权人的有效措施,面对经济全球化竞争的机遇与挑战,在重新设计公司资本制度时,降低公司设立成本,保护交易安全将仍是公司资本制度的重要任务.对新公司资本制度的设计建议如下:总体上保留注册资本管理制度,注册资本由股东全额认购,股东交纳基本出资额,同时降低最低资本额;在修改公司法时,要完善对抽逃资金行为的规制,包括采取事前预防与事后制裁措施;要建立净资产报告制度,要求公司向征信机构定期报告其净资产状况;完善验资等中介机构的民事责任制度,公司债权人要求中介机构承担赔偿责任时,需主观上善意并无过失.     

对我国采取有限合伙创业投资的质疑

美国采用有限合伙制是因为其有限合伙机构不需缴纳所得税,创业资本主要来源于享有免税资格的机构投资者,有大批合格的创业投资家,且社会鼓励冒险、创新。我国目前不能盲目效仿美国采用有限合伙制发展创业投资,而应根据经济、法律和社会文化环境等国情,采用股份有限公司制创业投资机构。