人民币汇率失衡及贸易壁垒对我国出口行业影响异质性研究

贸易摩擦、新冠疫情使我国经济贸易面临严峻挑战,人民币汇率波动及贸易壁垒将常态化地影响我国出口贸易.在加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局背景下,文章基于HS分类原则,选取WTO等机构的贸易数据,通过构建BEER模型测算了人民币汇率失衡程度;通过建立固定效应面板模型研究了人民币汇率失衡及贸易壁垒双因素对我国出口行业影响的异质性.研究表明:人民币汇率失衡对我国出口贸易整体上具有显著负向影响,非关税壁垒对我国出口贸易整体上具有显著正向影响;关税和非关税构成的贸易壁垒与人民币汇率失衡双因素对我国出口贸易具有显著抑制作用,并对不同出口行业的影响存在异质性;人民币汇率失衡与非关税壁垒双因素对大多行业均具有显著负向影响,人民币汇率失衡与关税壁垒双因素对不同行业影响的正负效应及程度大小有异质性.因此,建议通过运行逆周期因子等完善人民币汇率自我修正机制;通过引导出口企业了解使用外汇衍生品等促进外汇衍生品市场运行机制的健全;通过加强"海外仓"建设及深耕RCEP框架下的东盟十国市场等实施出口行业差异化贸易策略;通过提升自主科技创新能力等加快出口行业产业转型升级,推动双循环,实现我国出口贸易高质量发展.     

CELEBRATING HETEROGENEITY?: A survey of female ICT professionals in England

This paper introduces key findings from a large-scale, online survey of women in the ICT industry across England undertaken between October 2004 and October 2005. Placed in a theoretical framework which draws on critical perspectives from within information systems (IS), and the sociology of gender and of technology, the authors examine some of the issues faced by female ICT professionals. The context for this paper is the ongoing under-representation of women in the ICT industry in England, and the difficulties that the industry is having retaining women, particularly at senior levels. Data are presented on the demographic composition of women in the ICT industry in England. In addition the authors focus on their management of domestic and caring responsibilities, including changes in working practices they have experienced as a result of these responsibilities. These data are particularly pertinent given current government and industry debates regarding the 'work-life balance' and 'flexible working' in the ICT industry, partially as a response to the need for a more diverse ICT workforce. Alongside information on the career histories of female ICT professionals, the authors review their perceptions of pay and reward packages, working environments, the skills they hold, and the recognition they may or may not receive in their current posts. They present reports of a 'long-hours' and 'presenteeism' culture in the ICT industry, and the existence of gendered informal networks in ICT. They also examine female ICT professionals' perceptions of the current and future-possible image of the industry. The findings highlight the continued masculinization of ICT work, and some of the difficulties faced by women working in what remain statistically and symbolically male-dominated environments.     

Physiologically Based Liver Modeling and Risk Assessment

Because of the inherent complexity of biological systems, there is often a choice between a number of apparently equally applicable physiologically based models to describe uptake and metabolism processes in toxicology or risk assessment. These models may fit the particular data sets of interest equally well, but may give quite different parameter estimates or predictions under different (extrapolated) conditions. Such competing models can be discriminated by a number of methods, including potential refutation by means of strategic experiments, and their ability to suitably incorporate all relevant physiological processes. For illustration, three currently used models for steady-state hepatic elimination--the venous equilibration model, the parallel tube model, and the distributed sinusoidal perfusion model--are reviewed and compared with particular reference to their application in the area of risk assessment. The ability of each of the models to describe and incorporate such physiological processes as protein binding, precursor-metabolite relations and hepatic zones of elimination, capillary recruitment, capillary heterogeneity, and intrahepatic shunting is discussed. Differences between the models in hepatic parameter estimation, extrapolation to different conditions, and interspecies scaling are discussed, and criteria for choosing one model over the others are presented. In this case, the distributed model provides the most general framework for describing physiological processes taking place in the liver, and has so far not been experimentally refuted, as have the other two models. These simpler models may, however, provide useful bounds on parameter estimates and on extrapolations and risk assessments.     

考虑双重异质性的碳配额分配及交易机制研究

构建包含政府-企业-消费者三方的碳配额分配及交易减排供应链,其中消费者基于自身低碳偏好进行产品选购,政府基于行业社会福利最优进行企业配额分配和碳指导价设定,企业基于利润最优进行生产和销售。通过建立混合博弈模型,对比分析了考虑企业和消费者双重异质性的配额分配及交易机制对政府、企业最优决策行为的影响。研究结果表明：该减排机制能在保持社会福利最优的基础上更好地提升消费者和企业的参与积极性,实现对异质企业的双向和持续性减排激励。消费者低碳偏好和单位碳排差异度是影响减排机制实施方案和实施绩效的关键因素,其中,消费者低碳偏好决定了行业最优碳价和配额分配规则,且在主动和被动两个层面影响企业决策和产品价格;单位碳排差异度是影响企业利润、消费者主动支付倾向和减排绩效的重要因素,严格的差异度划分有利于形成正向激励;差异化的配额率易于形成减排激励,其与自主配额率间的差异是造成碳价波动的原因之一;研究也表明,过低的单位碳排差异度不适合进行企业异质性划分,在减排机制设计中应弱化“碳收益激励”目的。     

消费者异质性下供应链互补产品销售策略选择及其定价研究

基于消费者对互补品消费习性存在的异质性,对互补品消费市场进行细分,并在上游两个制造商分别提供具有互补特性的产品,下游一个销售商同时销售这两种产品的供应链环境下研究定价均衡。根据不同目标市场选择,识别出全市场覆盖以及聚焦细分市场两种销售策略,分别对两种营销策略下的供应链产品定价进行讨论,并通过模型求解分别得到两种策略下的均衡,讨论了两个均衡解存在的条件,讨论了均衡定价随产品互补程度以及互补品相对效用比的变化情况,以及销售商在不同情形下选择的定价策略。结果表明,当互补品相对效用差异不大,且互补程度不大的时候,渠道内形成第一个定价均衡;当产品间相对效用差异大,且互补程度足够大的时候,渠道内形成第二个定价均衡。     

家族企业股东异质性与CEO选聘决策

家族企业积极引入并利用非家族资本时,CEO人选对其职业化经营和现代化转型具有重要促进作用。基于2004—2017年中国2065家上市家族企业数据,从家族企业股东异质性的视角考察了其对家族企业CEO人选的影响。研究发现:家族大股东和非家族大股东投票权不对称性与职业经理人担任CEO显著负相关。非家族大股东类型越多,投票权不对称性与职业经理人担任CEO的负相关关系越强,但家族股东数量增加会抵消这种作用。横截面差异检验表明,不同类型非家族大股东对CEO人选具有不同的影响,未发生代际传承、由家族直接创办、审计质量较低的家族企业,投票权不对称性与职业经理人担任CEO之间的负相关关系更强。研究结论表明,家族式的非制度管理可能成为家族企业高质量发展的瓶颈,积极引入非家族股东并保持权力制衡有助于职业经理人的引入,这对于企业最终实现高质量发展意义重大。     

A fast splitting procedure for classification trees

This paper provides a faster method to find the best split at each node when using the CART methodology. The predictability index is proposed as a splitting rule for growing the same classification tree as CART does when using the Gini index of heterogeneity as an impurity measure. A theorem is introduced to show a new property of the index : the for a given predictor has a value not lower than the for any split generated by the predictor. This property is used to make a substantial saving in the time required to generate a classification tree. Three simulation studies are presented in order to show the computational gain in terms of both the number of splits analysed at each node and the CPU time. The proposed splitting algorithm can prove computational efficiency in real data sets as shown in an example.     

差异性、相似性和受教育背景对高层管理团队影响的国外研究综述

高层管理团队成员组成的差异性、相似性及其成员的受教育背景以不同的方式影响着它的绩效。国外关于这些特征对高层管理团队绩效的影响已经作了大量的研究,而国内目前尚没有相关研究。本文综述国外关于高层管理团队成员组成的差异性、相似性及其成员的受教育背景对其绩效的影响的相关研究和结论。     

水信息披露、机构投资者异质性与企业价值——来自我国A股制造业上市公司的经验证据

以我国2011-2016年A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,本文采用面板回归模型实证检验了企业水信息披露对企业价值的影响以及异质机构投资者在二者关系中的调节作用。结果表明：目前企业水信息披露水平整体较低,其对企业价值有显著的负向影响;在该影响中,机构投资者整体有显著的正向调节作用,压力抵制型机构投资者有显著的负向调节作用,而压力敏感型机构投资者无显著的调节作用。     

新型农业经营主体的经营绩效与差异分析——基于农村固定观察点的数据调查

新型农业经营主体的经营绩效关系到其可持续发展。采用农村固定观察点对我国各省区新型农业经营主体的调查数据,运用随机前沿分析法,对不同类型的经营主体的经营绩效进行分析,并进一步分析新型农业经营主体的差异性。结果表明：相比小农户而言,新型农业经营主体的经营绩效相对较高,但是其平均绩效还有很大的改善空间;新型农业经营主体面临融资难和人才缺乏的问题,且该问题在农民专业合作社中最为突出;我国家庭农场的经营绩效在三种新型农业经营主体中是最高的,其次是农业（龙头）企业,最后是农民专业合作社。对此,提出应完善土地“三权分置”机制,实现新型农业经营主体的规模化生产,进一步解决其融资难和人才缺乏的问题,加大政策扶持力度等建议。