Infill asymptotics for adaptive kernel estimators of spatial intensity

We apply the Abramson principle to define adaptive kernel estimators for the intensity function of a spatial point process. We derive asymptotic expansions for the bias and variance under the regime that n independent copies of a simple point process in Euclidean space are superposed. The method is illustrated by means of a simple example and applied to tornado data.     

Response strategy to environment context factors using a lean and agile approach: Implications for firm performance

Based on the environment-strategy performance perspective and dynamic capabilities framework, we develop a theoretical model and hypotheses specifying how supply chain collaboration as a response to environment context factors – competitive intensity, supply uncertainty, technological turbulence and market turbulence, using a lean and agile strategy may influence firm performance. We test the model using partial least square structural equation modelling on data collected from a field survey with responses from 152 manufacturing firms representing a variety of industries. Empirical findings generally support the relationship between collaboration and firm performance using a lean and agile strategy. Also, for firms in industries that face environments characterised by high supply uncertainty and competitive intensity with, technological turbulence, the study finds evidence of a direct relationship between these environmental factors and supply chain collaboration. The findings provide an initial strategic response framework for appropriately aligning a lean and agile supply chain strategy through collaboration with environment context factors to achieve firm performance improvements.     

Impact of technology-intensive exports on GDP of Western Balkan Countries

This paper aims to determine, by means of regression analysis, which exported product groups, categorized according to their technological intensity, have the greatest effect on the movements in the volume of GDP p/c of the Western Balkan Countries (WBCs). The analysis, based on statistical-econometric methodology, includes 16 commodity groups per each WBC (Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; FYR Macedonia; Montenegro; Serbia). The data were collected and presented in accordance with the HS4 system classification, which is also used for development of the ITC’s Trade Map. The results of the analysis show that those commodity groups produced by medium-low and low technology industries have the greatest effect on the change in the volume of GDP p/c in all WBCs in the period 2005–2015.     

政府R&D补贴、产权性质与实质性创新绩效 ——基于中国高技术产业的经验数据

以我国高技术产业为样本,采用面板门槛效应模型,实证检验了政府R&D补贴、产权性质与企业实质性创新绩效之间的关系。结果表明,高强度补贴会显著降低政府R&D补贴的正向作用;民营经济比重的上升则有助于政府R&D补贴作用的充分发挥。进一步研究发现,2000—2018年,仅2005、2011和2013等三个年份的补贴强度过高,2007年以后,民营经济的发展均处于合理区间。分区域来看,补贴强度过高的省份多达12个,且大多数位于中部和西部地区;民营经济比重过低的省份有7个,且大多数位于西部地区;补贴强度和民营经济均处于合理区间的有北京、天津、河北等14个省份,而两者均处于不合理区间的有山西、江西、湖北等5个省份。因此,合理设置补贴额度、充分发挥民营经济优势,是真正发挥政府R&D补贴作用、实现高技术产业创新发展的关键所在。     

参与全球价值链对中国出口贸易碳强度的影响

构建出口贸易碳强度指标,将出口贸易增加值与隐含碳置于同一分析框架,研究参与全球价值链对中国出口贸易碳强度的影响。在对中国参与全球价值链与出口贸易碳强度演变趋势进行测算的基础上,构建计量经济学模型,实证研究不同参与全球价值链指标对中国整体与细分行业出口贸易碳强度的影响及规模效应、结构效应和技术效应的调节作用。研究结果表明:中国整体行业主要以后向方式参与全球价值链,制造业全球价值链参与度更深而服务业位置指数更高;中国整体出口贸易碳强度以2005年为界先上升后下降;不同要素密集型制造业与服务业出口贸易碳强度水平差异明显。除位置指数外,全球价值链前向与后向参与度、前向生产长度和深度GVC指数对中国整体出口贸易碳强度的影响均为正,且深度GVC指数的提高对出口贸易碳强度的促进作用最显著。相对于制造业,服务业后向参与度和前向生产长度的提高对出口贸易碳强度的促进作用减弱;相对于劳动密集型行业,资本密集型行业位置指数的提高会进一步降低出口贸易碳强度,资本与知识密集型行业深度GVC的提高对出口贸易碳强度的拉动作用减弱。规模效应的调节作用不明显,结构和技术效应均会降低前向参与度与深度GVC对出口贸易碳强度的正向影响。在研究结论的基础上提出降低中国出口贸易碳强度的政策建议。     

Did small and medium enterprises maintain better jobs during the early years of the recession? Job quality multidimensional evidence from Spain

While the literature has indeed confirmed a general tendency linking small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to a dynamic of greater job creation, there is little available evidence on what has happened to job quality since the financial crisis. Through a representative sample of 5311 employees in 2008 (first year of job destruction) and 4925 employees in 2010 (last year for which data were available), and using a two-stage structural equation model, this article empirically analyses the multidimensional determinants of job quality, by enterprise-size class, in Spain. The research has revealed three main results. First, job quality in Spain improved in all enterprises, regardless of their size, during the early years of the recession. Second, the greatest improvements were found in SMEs. Although job quality was already better in SMEs than in large enterprises in 2008, the differences between them subsequently widened. Third, this accelerated divergence was explained by the following dimensions: working conditions, work intensity, health and safety at work, and work–life balance. These dimensions were much more positive in SMEs. Employment-related public policy should therefore focus more specifically on SMEs. There are two reasons for this. First, despite the recession, SMEs have shown themselves to be key factors in the explanation of job quality. Second, by making changes to their value generation model, they could continue to drive the creation of better quality jobs.     

Intensities of mobility: kinetic energy,commotion and qualities of supercommuting

This paper explores the intensities of long-distance commuting journeys in order to understand how bodily sensibilities become attuned to the regular mobilities which they undertake. More people are travelling farther to and from work than ever before, owing to a variety of factors which relate to complex social and geographical dynamics of transport, housing, lifestyle, and employment. Yet, the experiential dimensions of long-distance commuting have not received the attention that they deserve within research on mobilities. Drawing from fieldwork conducted in Australia, Canada, and Denmark this paper aims to further develop our collective understanding of the experiential particulars of long-distance workers or ‘supercommuters’. Rather than focusing on the extensive dimensions of mobilities that are implicated in broad social patterns and trends, our paper turns to the intensive dimensions of this experience for supercommuters by developing an understanding of embodied kinetic energy, commotion and quality. Exploring how experiences of supercommuters are constituted by a range of different material and bodily forces enables us to more sensitively consider the practical, technical, and affective implications of this increasingly prevalent yet underexplored travel practice.     

技术创新与企业就业效应--基于微观企业调查数据的实证分析

利用2012年世界银行关于中国工业企业的调查数据，从流程创新、产品创新和企业研发三个维度分析了短期内技术创新对就业增长的影响。结果显示，流程创新与就业增长显著负相关；产品创新与就业增长显著负相关；企业研发与就业增长负相关，但较前两者显著性较弱。进一步研究发现，与东部沿海地区相比，中西部地区技术创新的就业替代效应更为明显。鉴于上述研究结果，对现有技术创新方式和政策提出相应的对策建议。     

Job quality,industrial relations and the crisis in Europe

This paper reports results from recent Eurofound research on the impact of the crisis on industrial relations and working conditions in Europe, based on the output of Eurofound's European Working Conditions Observatory and European Industrial Relations Observatory and data from the European Working Conditions Survey. Overall, the crisis – even if it is sometimes difficult to separate the effect of the crisis from megatrends in working conditions and industrial relations – seems to have had an impact on both domains. With reference to industrial relations, the impact of the crisis has influenced actors, processes, and outcomes. Regarding working conditions, the results appear to be in line with the literature on the topic, which relates the crisis to an increase in job insecurity, a decrease in work intensity, in working hours, and in anti-social working time arrangements, and a general improvement in terms of health risks and related outcomes.     

Geometric Anisotropic Spatial Point Pattern Analysis and Cox Processes

We consider spatial point processes with a pair correlation function, which depends only on the lag vector between a pair of points. Our interest is in statistical models with a special kind of ‘structured’ anisotropy: the pair correlation function is geometric anisotropic if it is elliptical but not spherical. In particular, we study Cox process models with an elliptical pair correlation function, including shot noise Cox processes and log Gaussian Cox processes, and we develop estimation procedures using summary statistics and Bayesian methods. Our methodology is illustrated on real and synthetic datasets of spatial point patterns.