« Le plafond de verre dans tous ses éclats ». La féminisation des professions supérieures au xx siècle

The metaphor of the glass ceiling helps one to focus on the often invisible barriers qualified women have to deal with, in order to access to the highest professional positions. This article presents the set of contributions, which clarifies the evolution of this phenomenon in various professions and in various countries. It gives one a more dynamic and less linear view on the top job feminization throughout the 20th century.     

Faire œuvre commune. Dynamiques d'attribution et de valorisation des coproductions en art numérique

By bringing together various parties and multidisciplinary contributions, digitalized art parcelizes the act of creation with, as a consequence, various ways for referring to the “work” of art. The outcome of this joint, polyphonic production process might be a piece of software, separate from the work itself, or an artwork, which might or might not incorporate the computer program. What arrangements ultimately redistribute these multicentric externalities between the cooperating parties? How are the results of this coordination exploited depending on the market (academic or industrial) of destination? By emphasizing the arrangements necessary for finishing a co-production whose social career is described, this article draws attention to the changes introduced through digitalized innovations and explains the new arrangements for giving credits and promoting partnerships between art, science and technology.     

论行政诉讼判决的既判力

要从根本上解决法院的判决、裁定反反复复,一个案件多个判决、裁定的状况,就行政诉讼而言,必须真正确立行政诉讼判决的既判力,树立法院的权威。从比较法的视角看,确立行政诉讼判决的既判力,有必要解决以下问题:行政诉讼判决的类型和效力;行政诉讼判决既判力的效力范围、制度根据以及与其他相关原理的关系;行政诉讼判决的既判力的标准时间;行政诉讼判决的既判力与判决的不当取得之间的矛盾。     

论网络虚拟财产的法律属性及特征

21世纪被称为新经济帝国时代,以网络经济为核心的经济因素越来越得到人们的重视和认可,网络虚拟财产纠纷与落后的立法之间的矛盾日益尖锐。因此,尽快制定并完善相关立法已经非常迫切。以民法中物与财产的概念辨析维度为基础,在分析学界诸多争论后提出了虚拟财产的法律属性和其民法保护的基本方式。     

Carrières et contradictions en sciences de la vie : réponses du corps académique aux transformations de la connaissance et de ses utilisations

Drawing on interviews with more than 80 scientists on two university campuses, we create a typology that offers insights into how transformations in the nature and locus of life science innovation influence academic careers and work practices. Our analyses suggest that a strong outcome of increased academic concern with research commercialization is the appearance of new fault lines among faculty, between faculty and students, and even between scientists' interests and those of their institutions. We argue that life science commercialization is driven by a mix of new funding opportunities, changing institutional mandates for universities, and novel research technologies that bring basic research and product development into much closer contact. The rise of patenting and commercially motivated technology transfer on U.S. campuses is altering faculty work practices and relationships, while transforming the criteria by which success is determined and rewards are allocated. Through close analysis of interviews with four researchers who typify a range of academic responses to commercialism, we demonstrate emerging patterns of conflict and agreement in faculty responses to commercial opportunities in the life sciences.     

香港承认与执行内地民商事判决的确定性判决条件探讨

内地法院民商事判决在香港承认与执行时多会以判决不具备确定性或终局性条件而被拒绝,旨在维护法律权威的判决确定性制度在我国法律文化中缺乏存在土壤,香港法院应当尊重内地法律文化,从内地法律制度的视角出发认识内地法院判决,实现两法域之间司法权的互相尊重与协调。     

Écrire l’incertitude. Le travail à bord des navires de commerce entre stabilisations,prises de risques et responsabilisations

Because of the many sources of uncertainty and opportunities for separation between sailors and the ship, work on board a merchant ship requires a panoply of tools that contribute to the continuity of activity and the identification of active agents. Writing is one of these instruments. Observation of the ship's different written media reveals the difficulty and, at the same time, the need for this organization to be maintained. They reveal the existence of a particular connection between land and sea, while raising issues of responsibility.     

Contenir le marché : la transition de la criée à la cotation électronique à la Bourse de Paris

Open outcry was fully replaced at the Paris Bourse by an automated trade execution system (CAC) in the late 1980s. In this article, we focus on the circumstances that made this transition possible. We analyze the diverse compromises (both social and technical) that the officials and engineers in charge of the innovation process constructed in order to stabilize the new market device. They had to carefully inscribe into the new system the interests of the actors at stake: bankers and stockbrokers. This case study contributes to economic sociology by drawing a relation between a technical device and the interests set around the “modernization” of a market.     

论禁止重复诉讼的识别

禁止重复诉讼在减少被告二次应诉之烦、节约法院司法资源、避免造成矛盾判决等方面发挥着重要作用。禁止重复诉讼的识别标准主要有二要素说和三要素说,但多追求形式上的契合而忽视禁止重复诉讼的制度旨趣之根本。将不同学说中的各要素进行解构后再重构会发现,案件事实、诉讼标的和诉讼请求之间存在着多因一果或一因多果的关系,案件事实作为识别标准中的一个基础性要素,对纠纷的一次性解决之影响至巨。厘清案件事实的包含或分离关系,有助于判断后诉的提起是否构成重复诉讼。     

论程序保障之下的既判力

程序保障理论作为法治国的一项重要原则,已经并且还将在司法过程中发挥积极的作用。文章认为既判力源于程序保障之下的国家审判权和当事人自我归责的双重作用。以程序保障为基点,能够防止因不满生效判决而谋求程序回复的非理性做法,同时维护法的权威性并实现权利的安定性。