劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响研究

借鉴已有相关研究成果,将劳动力转移、农业技术水平与城乡居民收入差距联系起来思考,可以具体地考察劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的影响.文章以农业技术水平作为门槛变量,选取2009—2019年中国31个省份的面板数据,利用泰尔指数测定城乡收入差距,以劳动力转移作为核心解释变量构建面板门槛模型,实证得出劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响.研究发现:劳动力转移可以缩小城乡居民收入差距,且该影响具有单一门槛效应.在农业技术水平较低时,劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距收敛效应较小;当农业技术水平越过门槛值达到较高水平后,劳动力转移对缩小城乡居民收入差距的效果几乎增加了一倍.此后,通过替换解释变量泰尔指数为城乡人均可支配收入比、替换核心解释变量农业技术水平为农业生产效率重新建立面板门槛模型,发现上述结论仍然成立,其检验结果具有较强的稳健性.文章将农业技术进步、劳动力转移、城乡居民收入差距这三个重要变量纳入同一模型框架中,在加深劳动力流动影响城乡居民收入差距这一视角的研究的同时,对缩小城乡居民收入差距政策的制定提供了重要的参考意义.     

Field of study variation throughout the college pipeline and its effect on the earnings gap: Differences between ethnic and immigrant groups in Israel

This study demonstrates the analytical leverage gained from considering the entire college pipeline—including the application, admission and graduation stages—in examining the economic position of various groups upon labor market entry. The findings, based on data from three elite universities in Israel, reveal that the process that shapes economic inequality between different ethnic and immigrant groups is not necessarily cumulative. Field of study stratification does not expand systematically from stage to stage and the position of groups on the field of study hierarchy at each stage is not entirely explained by academic preparation. Differential selection and attrition processes, as well as ambition and aspirations, also shape the position of ethnic groups in the earnings hierarchy and generate a non-cumulative pattern. These findings suggest that a cross-sectional assessment of field of study inequality at the graduation stage can generate misleading conclusions about group-based economic inequality among workers with a bachelor’s degree.     

Statistical Distributions of Daily Breathing Rates for Narrow Age Groups of Infants and Children

Children may be more susceptible to toxicity from some environmental chemicals than adults. This susceptibility may occur during narrow age periods (windows), which can last from days to years depending on the toxicant. Breathing rates specific to narrow age periods are useful to assess inhalation dose during suspected windows of susceptibility. Because existing breathing rates used in risk assessment are typically for broad age ranges or are based on data not representative of the population, we derived daily breathing rates for narrow age ranges of children designed to be more representative of the current U.S. children's population. These rates were derived using the metabolic conversion method of Layton (1993) and energy intake data adjusted to represent the U.S. population from a relatively recent dietary survey (CSFII 1994–1996, 1998). We calculated conversion factors more specific to children than those previously used. Both nonnormalized (L/day) and normalized (L/kg-day) breathing rates were derived and found comparable to rates derived using energy estimates that are accurate for the individuals sampled but not representative of the population. Estimates of breathing rate variability within a population can be used with stochastic techniques to characterize the range of risk in the population from inhalation exposures. For each age and age-gender group, we present the mean, standard error of the mean, percentiles (50th, 90th, and 95th), geometric mean, standard deviation, 95th percentile, and best-fit parametric models of the breathing rate distributions. The standard errors characterize uncertainty in the parameter estimate, while the percentiles describe the combined interindividual and intra-individual variability of the sampled population. These breathing rates can be used for risk assessment of subchronic and chronic inhalation exposures of narrow age groups of children.     

从"性别差距"看美国女性在选举中的地位

随着女性参政意识的增强,美国女性逐渐在选民中占居多数,大选中的"性别差距"引起了人们的注意。自1980年以来,"性别差距"在美国历次大选中表现明显,其存在的根本原因在于男女在政治、经济和社会地位等方面的不平等,致使女性对一些问题的看法与男性有所差异,因此在大选中也显示出了差距。对"性别差距"的研究从各个侧面揭示了女性选举的特点及其选票的分布情况,对美国总统候选人的竞选活动或执政者的策略制定都有很高的参考价值。     

利率变动下的存续期缺口管理和流量比例调整

在金融自由化和利率市场化的浪潮下,商业银行所面临的利率风险防范问题日益突出。利率风险管理成为商业银行经营管理中极其重要的环节。马考勒存续期缺口管理是现代西方商业银行的主要风险管理手段之一,合理构造存续期缺口可使商业银行净值不受市场利率影响,而流量比例调整可以克服存续期缺口受制于利率变动的不足,综合利用存续期缺口管理对我国商业银行建立风险管理机制起着重要的作用。     

钛合金电子束焊接接头疲劳试验数据统计分析

本文利用国际焊接学会推荐的统计方法，对BT20钛合金电子束焊接接头焊态和焊后电子束局部热处理两种试样的疲劳试验结果进行了统计处理与分析．结果表明：对于BT20钛合金母材和电子束对接接头可以按铝合金参考FAT80级S—N曲线进行疲劳设计．建议在对BT20薄板进行电子束焊接和电子束局部热处理时应采取必要措施，以保证将焊接变形控制到最小程度，从而提高其疲劳强度．     

我国南北地区经济差距扩大化研究

通过实证分析 ,从我国南北地区的划分、南北地区差距扩大及其成因以及缩小南北地区差距的对策探讨等四个方面 ,对我国南北地区差距日益扩大化问题进行了深入细致的研究分析 ,希望有助于深化对中国区域发展问题的研究。     

对收入分配差距与调控的分析

目前,我国居民收入分配差距总体上呈扩大态势。但是,因收入分配差距扩大而导致的贫富差别并不等于两极分化,两者既有区别又有联系。因此,我们必须充分重视收入差距扩大造成的负面影响,并采取措施加以解决。当务之急是要对收入过高和过低的两头进行必要的调控,重点是解决贫困问题,将低收入层的收入水平升上去。同时利用国家的财税手段和法律手段,调控收入分配差距。     

"三农"与农村资金融量问题研究

笔者在阐述“三农”与我国农村资金融量相互关系的基础上,对我国农村资金融量问题进行了理论和实证研究,得出的结论是:在中国农村存在巨大的资金融量缺口,并有逐年扩大的趋势,这种缺口在中国农村形成有其深刻的历史、经济和体制根源。为此,提出了对我国农村经济和金融体制进行若干重大变革的政策建议。     

归入权问题之研究

通过对归入权行使对象、行使主体、行使范围的论述 ,对《证券法》第 42条的修改提出了相关建议 :归入权行使对象应当扩大 ,行使主体不仅应包括董事会、监事会、股东 ,在一定条件下 ,证监会也可以作为行使主体。在计算归入权的收益上可采取最高卖价减最低买价法予以计算。