通过尘障后的激光束特征

从辐射亮度方程出发,推导了在大粒子近似条件下,激光束通过尘障以后约化通量密度和漫射通量密度的表达式,并在四个常用激光波长上作了数值计算.结果表明,当散射粒子浓度较大时,尘障后表面上的漫射通量密度通常比约化通量密度高很多,且散布在较宽的范围内.随着光束远离尘障,漫射通量密度迅速减小,约化通量密度重新占据主导地位.     

Parametrizing the Kepler exoplanet period-radius distribution with the bivariate normal inverse Gaussian distribution

This paper presents a simple and robust method for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the joint period and radius distribution in Kepler exoplanets. The proposed method is based on particle swarm optimization and bivariate Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution. Furthermore, in the construction of the probability density function, this study selects planet-host stars with the GK-type. The injecting approach is also employed to solve the survey completeness of sample. The resulting occurrence rate of Earth analogs is 0.025 with a 95% bootstrap confidence interval between 0.023 and 0.032.     

Pollutant Ground Concentrations of Nonneutrally Buoyant Particles

A methodology is suggested for the estimation of the mass density and the cumulative ground deposition of a nonvolatile, nonneutrally buoyant, air pollutant (liquid or solid) released from a polluted column (following an explosion caused during routine operation in, e.g., the chemical industry or due to any kind of hostile act) and deposited on the ground via gravitational settling. In many cases, the deposited mass due to gravitational settling constitutes a significant fraction of the original inventory released from the source. Implementation of the methodology in preliminary risk assessments can serve as an efficient tool for emergency planning for both immediate and long‐term measures such as evacuation and decontamination. The methodology considers, inter alia, an estimation of the critical particle diameter, particle size, and mass distributions along the polluted column. This methodology was developed to apply in rural regions since proper application of relevant meteorological input data can be accomplished mainly for such areas.     

基于粒子群算法与改进Ziegler-Nichols算法的PID整定方法

针对Ziegler-Nichols算法设计的PID控制器阶跃响应不理想,不具有灵活性等缺点,提出基于粒子群算法与改进 Ziegler-Nichols算法的PID整定方法。采用粒子群算法优化了Ziegler-Nichols算法中的幅值和相角,设计了具有更好性能 指标的PID控制器。实验结果表明采用该方法进行参数整定后的PID控制器响应速度较快,降低了系统的超调量。     

模具钢干铣削试验及参数优化研究

为了对铣削力做进一步的研究,以及预测铣削参数的改变对铣削力变化的影响,文章建立了铣削力预测模型,引 入了PSO优化算法。试验采用正交设计方法,干式铣削SKD61模具钢;KISTLER测力仪测量铣削力;HRsoft_DW数采软 件采集试验数据,并对数据进行极差分析。研究结果表明每齿进给量是铣削参数中影响铣削力最为主要的因素。研究 验证了PSO算法对铣削参数优化问题具有有效性。     

搅拌釜内双层改进型INTER-MIG桨流场实验研究

为得到双层INTER-MIG桨搅拌釜内流场特征,文章采用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对直径为430 mm的双层改进 型INTER-MIG桨搅拌槽内流场进行了实验研究。分析了搅拌转速、相位角及轴向位置对搅拌槽内流场分布的影响。结 果表明：整个流场表现出较强轴流特性,底桨右端形成一个漩涡;转速增加引起桨叶附近湍动增强,但整体流型变化不 大;当r/R <0.48时,桨叶间轴流效果显著,有利于釜底流体向上抬升,增强整体混合效果;当r/R>0.48时,桨叶右端在 近壁面处会形成上下2股流动流体,有助于形成局部区域循环。实验结果可为工业搅拌过程提供工艺参考。     

Objective Bayesian analysis of counting experiments with correlated sources of background

Searches for faint signals in counting experiments are often encountered in particle physics and astrophysics, as well as in other fields. Many problems can be reduced to the case of a model with independent and Poisson-distributed signal and background. Often several background contributions are present at the same time, possibly correlated. We provide the analytic solution of the statistical inference problem of estimating the signal in the presence of multiple backgrounds, in the framework of objective Bayes statistics. The model can be written in the form of a product of a single Poisson distribution with a multinomial distribution. The first is related to the total number of events, whereas the latter describes the fraction of events coming from each individual source. Correlations among different backgrounds can be included in the inference problem by a suitable choice of the priors.     

混合学习法前向网络多属性储层参数预测

应用前向网络描述地震属性和储层参数间的非线性映射关系时，经典的误差反向传播算法存在收敛速度慢，易陷入局部极值等诸多不足。研究了融合粒子群优化算法和误差反向传播算法的混合学习法前向网络多属性储层参数预测技术。粒子群优化算法是一种群体随机搜索演化计算技术，具有较快的收敛速度和较强的全局搜寻能力；误差反向传播算法本质上是梯度下降算法，注重局部搜索。混合学习法为两种学习算法交替执行，首先以粒子群优化算法训练网络，当误差能量在规定的迭代次数内不再发生变化时，采用误差反向传播算法实现局部寻优。理论函数逼近测试和实际储层参数预测实验说明了混合学习法具有学习时间短、求解效率高、可靠性强的优点，具有良好的应用前景。     

汉语句尾助词"了"英译中的"时"的问题--以《骆驼祥子》两种英文译本为例

"界"是句尾助词"了"的核心意义,其功能是表示"状态的变化".对<骆驼祥子>两种英文译本的有关数据统计和比较分析表明,句尾助词"了"可以翻译成目的语中的过去、现在和将来三种时态,这进一步证明了句尾助词"了"并非"时"的标志,翻译中"时"的选择主要依赖于时间词语和其他语境信息.     

稳态光散射法测粒下限及其影响因素的讨论

在经典Ｍｉｅ散射理论基础上，讨论全方位稳态光散射法激光测粒仪测量粒径的下限及其影响因素，认为通过减小激光测粒仪的系统误差和增大探测的散射角范围，可降低测粒仪的测量下降。