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排序方式: 共有98条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
Tomoyuki Kakizume Fanghong Zhang Yohei Kawasaki Takashi Daimon 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2020,19(1):71-83
A randomized exploratory clinical trial comparing an experimental treatment with a control treatment on a binary endpoint is often conducted to make a go or no‐go decision. Such an exploratory trial needs to have an adequate sample size such that it will provide convincing evidence that the experimental treatment is either worthwhile or unpromising relative to the control treatment. In this paper, we propose three new sample‐size determination methods for an exploratory trial, which utilize the posterior probabilities calculated from predefined efficacy and inefficacy criteria leading to a declaration of the worthwhileness or unpromisingness of the experimental treatment. Simulation studies, including numerical investigation, showed that all three methods could declare the experimental treatment as worthwhile or unpromising with a high probability when the true response probability of the experimental treatment group is higher or lower, respectively, than that of the control treatment group. 相似文献
2.
We conducted two studies to investigate the item-order effect on life satisfaction judgments. In Study 1, Japanese and American participants completed various life-domain satisfaction items either before or after completing general life satisfaction items. American respondents weighed the best life domains more strongly than Japanese respondents, in particular when they answered domain satisfaction items before making life satisfaction judgments. Overall, Japanese tended to weigh the worst life domains more heavily when making life satisfaction judgments than Americans. We hypothesized that the Japanese patterns of life satisfaction judgments come from the chronic attention to others’ perspective. To examine this hypothesis in Study 2, Japanese participants were exposed to either the “other are not watching” or the “other are watching” manipulation. As expected, when Japanese participants were led to believe that “others are not watching,” they judged their overall life satisfaction based more heavily on the best life domains (like Americans in Study 1). 相似文献
3.
Intergenerational earnings mobility in Japan among sons and daughters: levels and trends 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper estimates the extent of intergenerational income mobility in Japan among sons and daughters born between 1935 and 1975. Our estimates rely on a two-sample instrumental variables approach using representative data from the Japanese Social Stratification and Mobility surveys, collected between 1965 and 2005. Father’s income is predicted on the basis of a rich set of variables, and we discuss changes in the Japanese earnings structure for cohorts born between the early 1900s and the 1960s. Our main results indicate that the intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) for both sons and daughters in Japan lies around 0.35, which is an intermediate value, by international standards. We discuss the sensitivity of the IGE to using either personal or family income as the income variable for both fathers and children. We also examine changes across cohorts in the IGE. Results indicate that intergenerational mobility has been roughly stable over the last decades. 相似文献
4.
Statistics and Computing - In this paper, we develop a very efficient approach to the Monte Carlo estimation of the expected value of partial perfect information (EVPPI) that measures the average... 相似文献
5.
We discuss a method of ranking allocations in economic environments which applies when we do not know the names or preferences of individual agents. We require that two allocations can be ranked with the knowledge only of agents present, their aggregate bundles, and community indifference sets—a condition we refer to as aggregate independence. We also postulate a basic Pareto and continuity property, and a property stating that when two disjoint economies and allocations are put together, the ranking in the large economy should be consistent with the rankings in the two smaller economies (reinforcement). We show that a ranking method satisfies these axioms if and only if there is a probability measure over the strictly positive prices for which the rule ranks allocations on the basis of the random-price money-metric utilitarian rule. This is a rule which computes the money-metric utility for each agent at each price, sums these, and then takes an expectation according to the probability measure. 相似文献
6.
Strategy-proof and anonymous rule in queueing problems: a relationship between equity and efficiency
We consider a relationship between equity and efficiency in queueing problems. We show that under strategy-proofness, anonymity
in welfare implies queue-efficiency. Furthermore, by combining the result of Kayı and Ramaekers (Games Econ Behav 68:220–232,
2010) with ours, we also give a characterization of the class of rules that satisfy strategy-proofness, anonymity in welfare,
and budget-balance. 相似文献
7.
In this paper, we study the effects of nonnormality on the distributions of sample canonical correlations when the population canonical correlations are simple. In order to achieve the purpose, we derive asymptotic expansion formulas for the distributions of a function of the canonical correlations as well as the individual canonical correlations under nonnormal populations. We particularly discuss the distribution of sample canonical correlations under the class of elliptical population. These expansions are given by using a perturbation method. Simulation results are also given. 相似文献
8.
We propose a mechanism for the provision of public goods called the extended pivotal mechanism, which works on wider environments
than quasi-linear ones. This mechanism is shown to be a natural extension of the pivotal (Clarke) mechanism because the restriction
of the mechanism to the quasi-linear domain coincides with the pivotal mechanism, and because it is the only mechanism satisfying
strategy-proofness, an efficient condition (partial efficiency), and an equity condition (the welfare lower bound property),
which characterize the pivotal mechanism. 相似文献
9.
Let T2 i=z′iS?1zi, i==,…k be correlated Hotelling's T2 statistics under normality. where z=(z′i,…,z′k)′ and nS are independently distributed as Nkp((O,ρ?∑) and Wishart distribution Wp(∑, n), respectively. The purpose of this paper is to study the distribution function F(x1,…,xk) of (T2 i,…,T2 k) when n is large. First we derive an asymptotic expansion of the characteristic function of (T2 i,…,T2 k) up to the order n?2. Next we give asymptotic expansions for (T2 i,…,T2 k) in two cases (i)ρ=Ik and (ii) k=2 by inverting the expanded characteristic function up to the orders n?2 and n?1, respectively. Our results can be applied to the distribution function of max (T2 i,…,T2 k) as a special case. 相似文献
10.
Nils Chr Stenseth Ottar N. Bj?rnstad Takashi Saitoh 《Researches on Population Ecology》1998,40(1):85-95
We interpret gradients in population dynamics of the gray-sided vole from the southwestern part of the island of Hokkaido
to its northeastern part within the framework of a phenomenological model involving the relative length of summer and winter.
In Hokkaido, as in other northern regions, both spring and fall is considered as short transition periods between the two
main seasons — summer (the primary breeding season) and winter (the non-reproductive or secondary breeding season). We show
that the geographic transition in dynamics may be understood as the combined consequence of different patterns of density-dependence
during summer and winter, and geographically varying season lengths. Differences are shown to exist between summer and winter
with respect to strength of density-dependence. Direct density-dependence, in particular, is stronger during winter than during
summer. A model is presented to show how relative lengths of seasons can induce both stable and periodically fluctuating population
dynamics. The results are compared and contrasted with what is otherwise known about the gradient in rodent dynamics in Fennoscandia. 相似文献