麻扎、信仰与反现代性——论刘亮程《凿空》中的边疆乡土叙事

刘亮程的《凿空》以地处南疆的阿不旦村为原点,从具有神圣意味的“麻扎”切入,在展现新疆日常生活的同时书写这一地区少数民族的信仰和伊斯兰文明.作品使用“凿空”作为标题,意在重新观察和探讨今日南疆的现状,勾勒出该地区所面临的经济、文化、民族认同等多方面的冲击.其有关动物的大量书写反映了阿不旦村人由现代性所引发的焦虑感及作者对现代性的深切反思.《凿空》用悠长舒缓的抒情性文字,开启诸多严肃而沉重的话题,同时也开拓出边疆乡土叙事的新领域.     

氮元素施用与农户粮食生产效率:来自全国农村固定观察点数据的证据

本文采用2003～2015年全国农村固定观察点的大样本数据,构建相关随机效应模型(Correlated Random Effect)尽可能降低传统随机前沿生产函数中一步法的内生性问题,实证分析氮元素施用对农户家庭层面"加总"粮食生产效率的影响。在清理数据的过程中,本文对全国农村固定观察点数据可能存在的面板数据衔接偏误问题进行纠正,进一步检验了计量分析结论的稳健性。研究结果表明,中国农户粮食生产过程中氮元素施用过量,对粮食生产效率具有显著的负向影响,且这一结论是稳健的。氮元素施用对粮食作物生产效率的负向影响存在着异质性,对不同经营规模农户的影响效果是显著的,但对不同区域农户的影响效果并不显著。基于实证研究结论,本文提出了适当降低氮元素施用量的政策建议,即为农户施肥提供技术指导,深入推进化肥减量化和有机肥替代行动,健全化肥相关管理条例与科学施用的指导办法。     

一个多民族文学融合互动的范本——《述善集》文学文献价值考述

“Tangwu” is an alternative name for the descendants of the Xixia dynasty. In 1227 AD, a number of these Xixia descendants moved inland after the destruction of the Xixia Dynasty by the Mongolians. One group of them migrated to the area near Puyang, Henan Province. Tangwu Chongxi ( Yang Chongxi ) of the Yuan Dynasty compiled the Shu San Ji, which is divided into three volumes: Shansu, Yucai and Xingshi, and appended with the biography of Boyan Zongdao. It reflects the historical origins, social class, living conditions and the relations with the Han people of the descendants of the Dangxiangqiang minority af-ter they moved to Puyang. This book attracted a lot of attention in academic circles, and it was there-fore reorganized and published in 1985 after being treasured by the people for more than 600 years. It has high academic value for its comprehensive his-torical records. We can not only acquaint ourselves with the history of the make-up of the Chinese na-tion, but also research this diversity from multiple perspectives, such as history, nationality and folk-lore . That is why it has drawn so much attention a-mong academic researchers. The book contains po-ems, prose and biographies, which belong to dif-ferent celebrated scholars from different ethnic mi-norities, all of whom had relationships with Tang-wu Chongxi. It is also a typical model of Qiang-Han literature, which is very rare. This paper gives a preliminary exploration on the book, and shows a small part of its comprehensive value. Shu San Ji is not a merely personal collec-tion, but is also different from general literature collections. The compilation of the book took a long time. Shu San Ji Xuxie ( Continuation of Shu San Ji) , written by Zhang Yining, was finished in the 18 th year of the Zhizheng Period in the Yuan Dynasty (1358), which indicates that the Shu San Ji had already been finished by that time . Zeng wuwei chushi yangxiangxian xu ( Presented to Chu Shi Yang Xingxian·Preface ) , written by Wei Su and finished in the 24 th year of Zhizheng ( 1364 ) , suggests that the Shu San Ji had been compiled in-to a book by that time, and that it was compiled with the compositions of social celebrities of the time. However, the Shu San Ji, as it has been handed down to us today, includes the Song Yang-gong Xiangxian gui Tanyuan xu ( Preface of Send-ing Yanggong Xiangxian Back to Tanyuan) by Tao Kai, written in March in the 5 th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty ( 1372 ) . It indicates that Yang Xiangxian kept on collecting articles even after the book was finished. The Xu yangshi yiji ( Preface of Yang’s Last Collection) by Wang Chongqing, writ-ten in the 6th year of Jiajing (1527), indicates that the Shu San Ji was still being written after Yang Chongxi’s death. At the end of the Shu San Ji , Boyang Zongdao zhuan ( Biography of Boyang Zongdao) and Weiti shi (Poems) were collected in the 16 th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1529) and in the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1629), respectively. It suggests that the
Shu San Ji had been supplemented and continually recompiled since Yang Chongxi firstly finished his book in 1358. After 271 years, in 1629, the Shu San Ji, as we read it today, was finally comple-ted. Through the basic components of the Shu San Ji,readers can understand that the Tangwu family was a harmonious, multi-ethnic family. A number of multi-ethnic writers spent long periods compos-ing works collected in the Shu San Ji and Tangwu Chongxi was also influenced by China’s diverse culture and traditional Confucian culture. The work is strongly connected with his study in Guozixue. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the restora-tion of the imperial examinations promoted Confucianism’s influence further. Pan Di, as Tang-wu Chongxi’s teacher in Guozixue, wrote most arti-cles in the Shu San Ji, which shows their close re-lationship and his influences on Tangwu Chongxi’s literature and Confucian studies. Tangwu Chongxi and others’ works reflected their sense of admira-tion for and deep feelings for their Dangxiang an-cestors, but more so helped to propagate the con-cepts of Confucian edification, diligence, thrifti-ness and benevolence, and some of them did so in a very polemic way. For example, Boyan Zongdao wrote the Jiefu xu ( preface of “Jiefu”) and Tang-wu Chongxi wrote the Jiefu houxu ( epilogue of“Jiefu”) , which reflect the social reality and ide-ology of all scholars with different ethnic back-grounds at that time. His work, “Tangwu gong-bei” fushi ( Poem inscribed on Tangwu Tablet ) , was written in a plain and authentic way and showed that he always remembered his origins and his ethnic desire to inherit the family’s heritage. Meanwhile , it was also mixed with the popular ide-as of upholding the honor of their ancestors from the central plains and Han areas, which shows the
editorial purpose of the Shu San Ji and also dem-onstrates the value of Chinese multi-ethnic litera-ture and cultural integration.     

论船员的人性化管理

在船员资源紧缺的今天，航运企业要想发展就必须留住船员，建立一支高素质的船员队伍。对船员市场的现状进行分析，提出船员人性化管理的途径，并探讨航运企业船员管理的新模式。     

浅谈计算机对艺术教学的影响

随着现代科学技术的发展,电子计算机与艺术领域两者之间的关系也相应的发生了深刻的改革。于此之际,更需要推广计算机和艺术设计领域相互协调发展。对于传统的手工绘图而言,计算机绘图体现了自身的优势快捷、便利、准确、有效的特点,这也充分为艺术提供了充分的技术手段,最终使计算机技与艺术设计相互的结合才能创作出更好的工具,更是一种完美的结合。它不仅促进艺术设计教学,而且还能更好的推广计算机艺术的发展,培养出计算机艺术领域的人才。     

高等教育改革发展新思路

在阐述高等教育的发展历程、取得成就和存在问题的基础上,提出了高等教育改革发展的新思路,事实证明只有走内涵式发展道路,才能更好地提高本科人才培养质量。     

我国农业政策如何取向:例证美农业法案调整

美国2014年农业法案提高补贴效能,注重因地制宜;调控手段更加市场化,有望避免贸易争端;突出了农业保险作用,注重农业风险管理;强化了中长期农业支持,全面提升农业竞争力;更注重政策公平性,充分体现民生取向。该法案启示我们:政策制定重法治、政策取向市场化、风险管理多层次、支持发展可持续等是农业政策的基本演变趋势。我国应加快农业发展规划和立法,加大农业支持力度,改革农业政策手段,减少对市场扭曲,完善农业保险,强化农业风险管理,调整农业政策目标,促进农业可持续发展。     

走进乡土 叩问人性——鲁迅、韩少功乡土小说之“人性观”比较探究

"乡土与人性"是现代文学史现实主义写作传统的基本主题之一,也是鲁迅、韩少功两代作家的共同关注点。从韩少功的自我言说中可以找到其与鲁迅先生在文学思想、创作意识上的联结点;以文本中的叙述者"我"为切入点,从人性的扭曲、迷失等方面结合具体文本阐述"人性观"的基本内涵;辨析"我"身份的隐性所指。从而考察韩少功的"人性观"是对鲁迅"人性观"在承继基础上的变异和发展,进而体会两代作家文化心境的差异。     

农业保险排斥对农民收入的影响：基于倾向值匹配的异质性研究

我国存在较严重的农业保险排斥,对农民收入产生了一定影响。采用2015-2016年北方6省12县种植业保险的调研数据,利用倾向得分匹配法纠正可能存在的样本选择性偏误,系统考察了农业保险排斥对农民收入的影响。实证结果表明：农业保险排斥对农民收入有显著负向影响,受排斥农户与未受排斥农户的农业收入差异为6%左右。考虑异质性后的结果进一步表明,未受排斥的年轻农户和规模扩大型农户农业收入增长明显。此外,相较于高受灾农户,未受排斥的低受灾农户因为受灾和补偿概率较低,农业保费成为农业额外成本从而降低了收入。提出应持续推进政策性农业保险“提标、扩面、增品”,降低农村农业保险排斥,充分发挥农业保险在防风险、稳收入中的作用。