自杀和生命的意义——来自脑科学研究的解读

生命本身是一个随机事件，并不具有高尚的意义。进化的结果使人类可通过工作、家庭和人际关系等给予自己的生命以意义感。当我们的生活方式使脑内奖赏系统获得刺激，就会带来生命具有意义的感受，这种感受给人带来更好的生存机会。生存的欲望是一切生物体最具特征的属性，一些精神疾病患者缺乏这种欲望。自杀主要发生于精神疾病患者，它并非是基于自由意志的行为。抗精神病治疗和适当的社会交往可以预防自杀。由于不同个体有着不同的大脑，人们的生活方式就应该去适应各自大脑的特征。只要人们的生活方式不对他人造成过多的伤害，政府就应该允许和保护人们自由地按照各自的方式生活。     

脑死亡立法的社会意义及面临的困难

长期以来,心肺功能完全丧失一直是判定死亡的标准。然而,随着现代医学的进步,这一标准已不再适应科学的发展和社会的需要,脑死亡标准应运而生。世界上已有许多国家接受了脑死亡标准,并制订了相应的法律条例。我国在这方面才刚刚起步,在此过程中必然会遇到一些困难。因此,脑死亡立法应当谨慎进行。     

试论企业中层危机的管理对策——以黄石企业为例

中层危机是目前企业经营过程中经常出现的问题，也是制约企业发展的瓶颈。本文在介绍企业中层危机的基础上，分析了其产生的原因，并针对黄石企业人力资源开发与管理的现状，就如何解决夤石企业中层危机提出对策和建设性建议。     

平角涡虫(Planocera reticulata)脑神经节胆碱酯酶的组织化学定位

研究了平角涡虫（Ｐｌａｎｏｃｅｒａｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ）脑神经节胆碱酯酶的组织化学定位．结果表明,胆碱酯酶阳性细胞分别分布于脑神经节的吻端腹侧面、前腹侧面、中央腹侧面和后背侧面的细胞层中,各阳性细胞在脑神经节中均为左右对称分布．前腹侧面阳性细胞的突起向背内侧延伸,经交叉后进入对侧纤维网中;中央腹侧面阳性细胞的突起向中线延伸形成联系;后背侧阳性细胞的突起向腹外侧延伸进入同侧纤维网中．神经节中央的神经纤维网中具有丰富的阳性纤维,前部反应较强,后端反应较弱．由脑神经节发出的各神经干均呈胆碱酯酶阳性反应．     

基于本体系统的知识管理人工智能研究

分析了知识管理中的信息组织难题和群体过程非结构化特性的本质意义. 介绍了用于解 决人工智能中非结构化问题的本体系统方法. 并通过支持群体交互知识管理的电子公共大脑 本体系统设计的案例,对本体系统方法的概念、构成和应用方法作了具有典型意义的示例性 介绍.     

How biology became social,and what it means for social theory

In this paper I first offer a systematic outline of a series of conceptual novelties in the life‐sciences that have favoured, over the last three decades, the emergence of a more social view of biology. I focus in particular on three areas of investigation: (1) technical changes in evolutionary literature that have provoked a rethinking of the possibility of altruism, morality and prosocial behaviours in evolution; (2) changes in neuroscience, from an understanding of the brain as an isolated data processor to the ultrasocial and multiply connected social brain of contemporary neuroscience; and (3) changes in molecular biology, from the view of the gene as an autonomous master of development to the ‘reactive genome’ of the new emerging field of molecular epigenetics. In the second section I reflect on the possible implications for the social sciences of this novel biosocial terrain and argue that the postgenomic language of extended epigenetic inheritance and blurring of the nature/nurture boundaries will be as provocative for neo‐Darwinism as it is for the social sciences as we have known them. Signs of a new biosocial language are emerging in several social‐science disciplines and this may represent an exciting theoretical novelty for twenty‐first social theory.     

The family caregiving context among adults with disabilities: A review of the research on developmental disabilities,serious mental illness,and traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT

A majority of adults with serious disabilities are cared for in the home by family members. Guided by an ecological framework, this article presents the findings of a literature review of research on family caregiving and family support for adults with disabilities. This review included 33 research studies published between 2000 and 2015 focused on three disabilities: Developmental disabilities, serious mental illnesses, and traumatic brain injury. A synthesis of the findings underscores the critical role that family caregivers occupy in addressing the needs of their loved one with a disability; however, the needs of the caregiver are insufficiently met by existing service approaches. A better understanding of the unique needs and strengths of the family support context of caregivers and care recipients is needed, giving greater attention to ethnic, racial, and cultural considerations in future research.     

Brain drain in Venezuela: the scope of the human capital crisis

ABSTRACT

Brain drain, the exodus of highly skilled professionals, has a strong connection with Human Resource Development (HRD), as these experts are human capital for organizations, communities, and nations. In today’s global economy, HRD practitioners and scholars need to keep abreast of what circumstances trigger the migration of talented workers around the world and the implications for HRD. This article describes the brain drain in Venezuela. The magnitude of the talent crisis is the result of a complex combination of poor policy implementation, mismanagement, corruption, and socio-economic and political conflict. This article exposes the current realities and the repercussions the exodus of talent has had on Venezuela and the decline of a country that was once among the world’s richest, but is now an impoverished nation.     

脑死亡与器官移植

自1967年南非医生班纳德(Banard)成功实施首例心脏移植手术以来,人们逐渐认识到,心肺死亡并不能等同于整体的死亡,而脑死亡才具有不可逆性,脑死亡的问题首次被提了出来。直至今日,其已为众多国家地区的医学及法律所确认,并制定了一系列脑死亡标准。脑死亡的确定,极大的提高了器官移植的例次及成功率,为器官移植的发展提供了坚实基础。而中国至今未制定脑死亡标准及脑死亡法,为了适应于国际趋势的需要,制定脑死亡及器官移植法迫在眉睫。     

人才竞争对高校的影响及对策

论述了入世后我国高等院校（以下简称高校）面临着人才竞争的挑战。指出当前人才流失是制约高校发展的瓶颈。并分析了在人才竞争中所处劣势的主要原因。为迎接挑战,加强师资队伍建设、吸引和稳定人才,提出了对策:（1）努力创造适宜人才发展的政策环境;（2）创新用人机制;（3）建立新型的多元分配制度;（4）加大力度重点做好中青年学科带头人和骨干教师的培训工作;（5）实施人才资源的共享;（6）加强爱国主义教育。（7）营造良好的吸引和稳定优秀人才的软环境。