Developing a Broadly Applicable Measure of Risk Perception

Decades of research identify risk perception as a largely intuitive and affective construct, in contrast to the more deliberative assessments of probability and consequences that form the foundation of risk assessment. However, a review of the literature reveals that many of the risk perception measures employed in survey research with human subjects are either generic in nature, not capturing any particular affective, probabilistic, or consequential dimension of risk; or focused solely on judgments of probability. The goal of this research was to assess a multidimensional measure of risk perception across multiple hazards to identify a measure that will be broadly useful for assessing perceived risk moving forward. Our results support the idea of risk perception being multidimensional, but largely a function of individual affective reactions to the hazard. We also find that our measure of risk perception holds across multiple types of hazards, ranging from those that are behavioral in nature (e.g., health and safety behaviors), to those that are technological (e.g., pollution), or natural (e.g., extreme weather). We suggest that a general, unidimensional measure of risk may accurately capture one's perception of the severity of the consequences, and the discrete emotions that are felt in response to those potential consequences. However, such a measure is not likely to capture the perceived probability of experiencing the outcomes, nor will it be as useful at understanding one's motivation to take mitigation action.     

Maternal and paternal reactions to child sadness predict children's psychosocial outcomes: A family‐centered approach

Parents' reactions to children's emotions shape their psychosocial outcomes. Extant research on emotion socialization primarily uses variable‐centered approaches. This study explores family patterns of maternal and paternal responses to children's sadness in relation to psychosocial outcomes in middle childhood. Fifty‐one families with 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children participated. Mothers and fathers reported their reactions to children's sadness and children's social competence and psychological adjustment. Cluster analyses revealed three family patterns: Supportive (high supportive and low non‐supportive reactions from both parents), Not Supportive (low supportive reactions from both parents), and Father Dominant (high paternal supportive and non‐supportive reactions, low maternal supportive and non‐supportive reactions). Supportive families had children with higher social competence and more internalizing symptoms whereas Father Dominant families had children with lower social competence and fewer internalizing symptoms. Not Supportive families had children with average social competence and fewer internalizing symptoms. Findings are discussed in relation to the “divergence model” which proposes that a diverse range of parental responses to children's sadness, rather than a uniformly supportive approach, may facilitate children's psychosocial adjustment.     

运用心理学移情原理消除师生的情感障碍

英语教学的成败是诸多因素相互作用的结果 ,但无论这些因素多么错综复杂 ,主要还是来自教和学两方面。教师和学生能否在教学中相互理解从而形成互动是教学成败的关键。文章将着重讨论师生间营造互动关系中的两个重要环节———情感与移情     

学生考试违纪现象分析及对策

分析了学生考试违纪现象出现的原因,提出了加强考风建设的几点建议.     

西汉赋家的个体性生命焦虑

个体性生命焦虑是西汉赋家比较浓郁的生命意识。它较集中地体现于骚体赋和拟骚赋中。可以说,西汉赋家继承先秦时代的人文精神,并结合新时代对士人话语自由及人格自由的限制与剥夺,将屈原的楚骚精神进一步发扬光大,对后世文学关注生命具有深远影响。     

江右学风与学术——《江右思想家研究》序

江右 (江西古称 )属文章节义之乡 ,不仅是禅宗的腹地和理学的心脏地带 ,而且在经济治术、诗人词客、人文风物等方面 ,皆举世闻名     

梁漱溟对孔子伦理思想的体认

梁漱溟是现代新儒家的开拓者,他以自己的亲身体验,并借助西方心理学观念,对孔子伦理思想的核心范畴“仁”、“礼”、“乐”,做了独特的体认。从中可以看出他对孔子的理解以及阐述其思想的基本方法。     

教学民主化功能浅论

教学民主化追求师生在教学活动中相互尊重、相互信任、相互配合和相互促进 ,致力于营造一种民主、平等、自由、和谐的教学氛围 ,这对教学目标子系统、结构子系统、动力子系统与评价子系统将产生深刻的影响与作用     

谈班主任的工作方法

根据班主任工作实践 ,总结出以下工作方法 :以身作则 ,身教重于言教 ;以科学家的科学精神教育学生 ,激励学生进步 ;深入到学生中去 ,注重调查研究 ;做好分类教育管理 ;狠抓思想教育 ,重视日常管理。此外 ,从重视学习 ,提高整体素质 ;抓好班风建设 ,促优良学风形成 ;严爱相济 ,循循善诱等几个方面 ,介绍了工作体会     

语言形式教学与第二语言习得关系研究概述

第二语言课堂教学的最终目的是促成第二语言的习得,而学习者的第二语言习得结果又为第二语言教学提供指导。本文对20世纪60年代以来关于第二语言课堂教学中的语言形式教学与第二语言习得的关系的研究进展情况作一概述,期望能给我们的外语教学研究以启示。