Towards Uniformly Efficient Trend Estimation Under Weak/Strong Correlation and Non‐stationary Volatility

In this paper, we consider the deterministic trend model where the error process is allowed to be weakly or strongly correlated and subject to non‐stationary volatility. Extant estimators of the trend coefficient are analysed. We find that under heteroskedasticity, the Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator (with some initial condition) could be less efficient than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) when the process is highly persistent, whereas it is asymptotically equivalent to OLS when the process is less persistent. An efficient non‐parametrically weighted Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator is then proposed. The efficiency is uniform over weak or strong serial correlation and non‐stationary volatility of unknown form. The feasible estimator relies on non‐parametric estimation of the volatility function, and the asymptotic theory is provided. We use the data‐dependent smoothing bandwidth that can automatically adjust for the strength of non‐stationarity in volatilities. The implementation does not require pretesting persistence of the process or specification of non‐stationary volatility. Finite‐sample evaluation via simulations and an empirical application demonstrates the good performance of proposed estimators.     

Non-parametric estimation of reciprocal coordinate subtangent for right censored dependent scheme

The concept of reciprocal coordinate subtangent (RCST) has been used as a useful tool to study the monotone behavior of a continuous density function and for characterizing probability distributions. In this paper, we propose a non-parametric estimator for RCST based on the censored dependent data. Asymptotic properties of the estimator are established under suitable regularity conditions. A simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of the estimator. The usefulness of the estimator is also examined through a real data.     

‘There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches’: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training

This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded women students and exaggerated differences between them and men; and (2) denigrated women in general. Thus, the masculinity that is characteristic of police forces and is partly responsible for women’s low representation on them is not produced exclusively on the job, but is taught in police academies as a subtext of professional socialization.     

对新课程实施中学生评价方法的哲学思考——标准化考试与档案袋评定的整合

评价既可能成为课程改革的动力 ,也可能成为其实施的障碍 ,它是课程改革成败的关键。为使基础教育课程改革达到预期目的 ,必须将评价改革作为课程改革的一个重要部分 ,探索出与新课程理念相一致的评价方法。目前国外较为流行的评价学生的方法是档案袋评定 ,这种评价理念与我国的新课程理念相一致 ,它强调学生参与 ,注重学生发展。然而档案袋评定能够作为标准化考试的替代评价法吗 ?笔者从不同哲学观进行分析 ,最后得到结论 :档案袋评定和标准化考试是看似对立、实质互补的两种评价方法 ,教师在实际评价中必须将两种方法结合运用     

Spatial variation in soil inorganic nitrogen across an arid urban ecosystem

We explored variations in inorganic soil nitrogen (N) concentrations across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, and the surrounding desert using a probability-based synoptic survey. Data were examined using spatial statistics on the entire region, as well as for the desert and urban sites separately. Concentrations of both NO₃-N and NH₄-N were markedly higher and more heterogeneous amongst urban compared to desert soils. Regional variation in soil NO₃-N concentration was best explained by latitude, land use history, population density, along with percent cover of impervious surfaces and lawn, whereas soil NH₄-N concentrations were related to only latitude and population density. Within the urban area, patterns in both soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were best predicted by elevation, population density and type of irrigation in the surrounding neighborhood. Spatial autocorrelation of soil NO₃-N concentrations explained 49% of variation among desert sites but was absent between urban sites. We suggest that inorganic soil N concentrations are controlled by a number of ‘local’ or ‘neighborhood’ human-related drivers in the city, rather than factors related to an urban-rural gradient.     

整合教育:高校思想政治教育的新思路——应对高校“两课”教学的离散趋向

我国高校将“两课”作为实施思想政治教育的主战场目前存在的最大问题是教育教学的某些方面出现离散趋向。本文通过对高校“两课”中出现的离散趋向的分析，认为在思想政治教育教学实践中要实施整合教育，并提出整合教育的具体构想。     

加强高校课程建设的基本途径

目前,高校课程建设存在诸多问题,为此必须健全和完善课程建设的有效途径。本文从建立健全竞争机制、调动教师积极性,建立健全教学质量监控体系,加强课程实践基地建设等方面,阐述了高校课程建设的基本途径。     

我国中小商业银行风险管理策略研究

本文针对中小商业银行风险管理这一热点，对其风险特征和风险来源进行了探析，并在此基础上对我国中小商业银行风险管理提出了综合性的指导性建议，构建了中小商业银行整体风险管理的框架，并研究了商业银行操作风险的标准计量方法。     

简论潜在课程对提高大学生素质和创新能力的作用

素质教育是培养创新人才、构建和谐社会的重要教育实践环节,而潜在课程建设对素质教育具有不可替代的指导和促进作用。潜在课程指在学校自然环境、人文环境等因素影响下所构成的一种无形的、非正规的具有陶冶作用的集合体,具有潜在性、丰富性、持久性、经验性等特点,对大学生思想品德、实践能力等各方面的素质提高以及创新能力培养具有重要作用。高校潜在课程的开发和建设,为提高大学生综合素质,培养大学生创新能力提供了新的思路。     

无限家园--读廖志理的组诗《来自生活最初的激情》

文章通过解读组诗文本,抓住家园情结这一内核,较为翔实地剖析了诗人对农耕民族的精神历程与诗意关怀,并归纳了三个艺术特点即忧患精神的张扬、时空转换的把握和整体象征的艺术自觉.