Factor analysis for ranked data with application to a job selection attitude survey

Summary.  Factor analysis is a powerful tool to identify the common characteristics among a set of variables that are measured on a continuous scale. In the context of factor analysis for non-continuous-type data, most applications are restricted to item response data only. We extend the factor model to accommodate ranked data. The Monte Carlo expectation–maximization algorithm is used for parameter estimation at which the E-step is implemented via the Gibbs sampler. An analysis based on both complete and incomplete ranked data (e.g. rank the top q out of k items) is considered. Estimation of the factor scores is also discussed. The method proposed is applied to analyse a set of incomplete ranked data that were obtained from a survey that was carried out in GuangZhou, a major city in mainland China, to investigate the factors affecting people's attitude towards choosing jobs.     

Assessing accuracy of a continuous screening test in the presence of verification bias

Summary.  In studies to assess the accuracy of a screening test, often definitive disease assessment is too invasive or expensive to be ascertained on all the study subjects. Although it may be more ethical or cost effective to ascertain the true disease status with a higher rate in study subjects where the screening test or additional information is suggestive of disease, estimates of accuracy can be biased in a study with such a design. This bias is known as verification bias. Verification bias correction methods that accommodate screening tests with binary or ordinal responses have been developed; however, no verification bias correction methods exist for tests with continuous results. We propose and compare imputation and reweighting bias-corrected estimators of true and false positive rates, receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for continuous tests. Distribution theory and simulation studies are used to compare the proposed estimators with respect to bias, relative efficiency and robustness to model misspecification. The bias correction estimators proposed are applied to data from a study of screening tests for neonatal hearing loss.     

中国现代散文审美特质论

五四时代中西文化与文学的整合 ,确立了中国现代散文的审美特质 ,即源自人本主义的“自我表现”、文本哲学的“自我”本真以及作家“自我”人格之美。在中国现代散文中 ,自我表现的伟大地位、自我本真的文本哲学、人格审美的价值取向 ,永远为人们提供着无限宽广的审美空间。     

Nonresponse weighting adjustment using estimated response probability

To reduce nonresponse bias in sample surveys, a method of nonresponse weighting adjustment is often used which consists of multiplying the sampling weight of the respondent by the inverse of the estimated response probability. The authors examine the asymptotic properties of this estimator. They prove that it is generally more efficient than an estimator which uses the true response probability, provided that the parameters which govern this probability are estimated by maximum likelihood. The authors discuss variance estimation methods that account for the effect of using the estimated response probability; they compare their performances in a small simulation study. They also discuss extensions to the regression estimator.     

辨章“反切”

＂反＂最早使用于音学领域是佛教译经中用汉语音二合对译梵文音,进而作为专门的二合注音术语;＂切＂最早用于论说语音时是＂精确、确切＂的意思,中唐以后其使用义变化相当于＂反＂;此后,＂反＂＂切＂皆是＂二合＂注音术语,不再有分别。     

小学作文教学“个性写真”操作策略及模式研究

文章针对目前小学作文教学中情感虚假、内容空洞、语言苍白等弊病，在改革作文教学实践中提出引导学生“个性写真”的主张，并就其操作策略与教学模式进行实践探索。     

论孙犁创作的虚与实

孙犁把"真"当做文学的生命.他的"真"的艺术手段,分为虚与实两端.孙犁创作的"实"包含有事、人、景、思想感情4个方面.虚笔的表现则有两类,一是情景交融,以景传情;二是点到为止,不做深入剖析.     

天才的萨克雷与永恒的《名利场》

从介绍英国19世纪批判现实主义小说家萨克雷的生平入手,通过对其代表作《名利场》所完成“描写真实”、“宣扬仁爱”两大任务的深刻揭示,就这位“天才”所显示出来的一系列艺术创新手法进行了评析,并对其存在的历史局限性进行了披露,高度评价了其在英国现实主义小说发展史上坚持真实性原则、不落窠臼而独树一帜的艺术成就。     

农户兼业对秸秆还田技术采纳的影响机制及效应分析——基于冀皖鄂1150份农户调查数据的实证

基于河北、安徽、湖北三省1150份农户的实地调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法构建“反事实”框架,探讨了农户兼业对秸秆还田技术采纳的影响效应,并进一步验证了其中介效应及务工距离的作用机制。研究结果表明：（1）相比纯农户,兼业户更倾向于采纳秸秆还田技术;（2）农户兼业通过风险分担间接影响秸秆还田技术采纳,间接影响占比为24.43%;（3）当纯农户选择在乡内务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率会提高15.0%,选择在县内乡外务工时,兼业对农户秸秆还田技术采纳行为没有显著性影响,但当纯农户选择省内县外务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了9.2%,选择省外务工时秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了10.0%。因此,为更好促进秸秆还田技术推广,政府部门应该引导和鼓励农户就近务工,保障农村劳动力就业质量,培育和支持农机社会化服务组织并加强对秸秆还田技术的指导和培训。     

New results on the likelihood ratio and score tests for the von Mises distribution

In this paper, we derive Bartlett and Bartlett-type corrections [G.M. Cordeiro and S.L.P. Ferrari 1991, A modified score test statistic having chi-squared distribution to order n ^?1 , Biometrika 78 (1991), pp. 573–582] to improve the likelihood ratio and Rao's score statistics for testing the mean parameter and the concentration parameter in the von Mises distribution. Simple formulae are suggested for the corrections valid for small and large values of the concentration parameter that do not depend on the modified Bessel functions and can be useful in practical applications.