Changing Frameworks in Attitudes Toward Abortion

For more than two decades, legal abortion has been the subject of heated political debate and adversarial social movement activity; however, national polls have shown little change in aggregate levels of support for abortion. This analysis examines how the determinants of abortion attitudes have changed between 1977 and 1996, using data from the General Social Surveys. While in early time periods, whites were more approving of abortion than blacks, that pattern had reversed by the late 1980s. After controlling for other factors, older people are more accepting of abortion throughout the two decades, while gender is generally unrelated to abortion views. Catholic religion weakens slightly as a predictor of abortion attitudes, while religious fundamentalism and political liberalism increase in explanatory power. The associations between attitudinal correlates and abortion approval also change over this time period. Religiosity becomes a less powerful predictor of abortion attitudes, while respondents' attitude toward sexual freedom and belief in the sanctity of human life increase in their predictive power. Support for gender inequality remains a weak but stable predictor of abortion attitudes. This pattern of results suggests that the public is influenced more by the pro-life framework of viewing abortion than by the pro-choice perspective.     

从堕胎权之争看美国宪政及美国社会——以“罗伊诉韦德案”为例

"罗伊案"在美国政治生活中具有广泛而深远的影响.由"罗伊案"引发的堕胎权之争,在美国的政界、司法界和社会各个层面掀起了轩然大波."罗伊案"和此前的"布朗案"推动了美国司法复审制度的建设进程;围绕堕胎权的问题,衍生了选择权利派和生命权利派的对抗:由对选择权和生命权的认可,加剧了美国上个世纪末的政治分野;通过"罗伊案"的推动,美国妇女运动超越了对"性自由"、男女平等等权利的诉求,在更深、更广的层面延展.     

我国农村人口出生性别比偏高的动力机制研究

B超的滥用、强烈的男孩偏好以及对非法流产行为监控的失效共同构成我国出生性别比偏高的充要条件,三者中任一条件不满足都不可能出现出生性别比偏高。尽管B超发明和滥用前出生性别比并没有异常,但也不能说出生性别比偏高与受教育水平、传统文化等因素无关。事实上,这些因素通过影响男孩偏好和B超的可获得性而影响出生性别比。由此出发,促进出生性别比回复正常,短期内应标本兼治,以治标为主———坚决禁止B超的滥用,关键是加强立法和管理;长期内则必须治本———消除男孩偏好,关键是加速农村城市化。     

Early Pregnancy Assessment Services in Australia: What psychosocial support is available? A qualitative study

ProblemWomen commonly experience emotional distress following miscarriage but do not receive the support they need from healthcare providers.BackgroundMiscarriage can result in psychological morbidity; however, appropriate support at the time of a miscarriage can lead to better psychological outcomes. Early Pregnancy Assessment Services (EPASs) are dedicated outpatient services considered the “gold standard” for miscarriage care. Little is known about the psychosocial support EPASs provide in Australia.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the provision of psychosocial support in Australian EPASs.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 purposively sampled key-informants from 13 EPASs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed.FindingsConsiderable variation was found in how EPASs functioned and their provision of psychosocial support. Many services were co-located with antenatal services, run by doctors with limited experience and most did not offer any psychosocial training to staff specific to EPAS. Referrals for additional support were generally not offered for first trimester miscarriages, and follow-up typically focused on physical management rather than emotional wellbeing. All EPAS staff demonstrated a strong commitment to providing best possible care to women within their own clinical setting and acknowledged the need for improved psychosocial support.ConclusionThis study provides the first exploration of Australian EPASs’ provision of psychosocial support. It has shown that while health care professionals working in EPASs are dedicated to providing the best possible care to women within their clinical setting, psychosocial support is very limited and could be improved.     

辛格是怎样将“人”消解了的——兼论堕胎、安乐死中的伦理问题

对应用伦理学的一些典型论争所引发的有关核心概念进行分析研究 ,是当代伦理学的一项重要任务。“人”就属于这样一种核心概念。医学伦理学中有关堕胎、安乐死问题的争论 ,都涉及“人”这个概念的定义。辛格在其名著《实践伦理学》中消解了“人”这一概念 ,挑战了传统观念中人类生命的神圣性 ,指出人的生命权利以及对这种权利的尊重与保护并不取决于宗教或直觉上的准则 ,而是取决于他所具有的客观存在的特征与需求。他的这一论断及其所引发的论争对生命伦理学界产生了深远的影响。     

堕胎问题的立法进程及其相关的法律思考

堕胎问题一直是一个备受争议的问题。世界各国对这一问题的态度不一，有的国家制定了《反堕胎法》，禁止妇女堕胎；同时，又有一些国家认定堕胎合法化。了解世界主要国家对待堕胎问题的态度和立法状况，最大限度地了解其争议之所在，可以推进我国在这方面的立法进程。     

甘肃省农村已婚育龄妇女人工流产状况分析

本文通过对甘肃省农村已婚育龄妇女的人工流产状况的分析,建议加强对农村育龄妇女的生殖健康教育,降低非意愿妊娠率及人工流产率,提高育龄妇女的生殖健康水平。     

The Development of a Student-Run Ambulance

Abstract

Abortion decisions have a potentially meaningful effect on the lives of men. Previous research suggests that both men and women generally believe that men have the right to be involved in such decisions. However, very little research attention has been devoted to identifying individual difference correlates of discrepant levels of endorsement for male involvement in abortion decisions. The extent to which abortion attitudes (on a pro-choice to pro-life continuum), conceptualization of abortion as strictly a female issue, and interest in the issue operate as effective predictors of the appropriate level of male involvement in abortion decisions was examined in a sample of 1,387 college students. Results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that 44% of the variance in male involvement scores was explained by the predictor variables.     

我国青少年未婚人流问题的理论思考

为了加强对青少年未婚人口问题理论探讨，本文回顾了近年我国青少年未婚人流的相关研究，发现目前存在比例高、低龄化、重复人流比例高以及并发症高四大特征；从理论角度思考，认为发育年龄和初婚年龄间隔拉大、更为频繁的人口流动．更加开放婚前性行为态度以及生殖健康知识和服务渠道的缺乏是造成该现状的重要宏观因素；提出应该根据“性行为链条”的理论框架及时转变青少年生殖健康观念、加强对青少年生殖健康服务和改善相关服务模式．才能有助于改善现状。     

谈人工流产中的尊重原则

全面正确的理解人工流产中的尊重原则是生命伦理学的根本要求.在人工流产中,既要尊重母亲的生命权、健康权和在生育、人工流产中的自主权,又不能忽视母亲在生育、人工流产中对国家、社会、他人、胎儿的责任和义务;既要尊重胎儿的生命权,又要了解胎儿生命权的有限性;既要协调胎儿、母亲的权利,又要兼顾社会国家的利益.