孔老异路与儒道互补

孔子和老子的思想差异代表了中国文化发展的不同路向，并最终形成了儒道两种不同的文化传统，奠定了儒道互补的文化格局。儒道互补在历史上经历了战国和宋明两次高潮，在宋明以后的儒释道三家并立互补的文化结构中，儒道互补实居于更基础的地位。早期的儒道互补是真正的双向互补，后来由于儒家在历史上的特殊地位，儒道互补事实上主要是以道补儒，具体的内容则有两端──补儒学之缺和补儒学之偏。儒道互补使中国的文化结构趋于自我完善，也使得中国知识分子的人生趋于完整和艺术化，在心态上和行为上都具有良好的分寸感和平衡感。离开了儒道互补，就无从把握和理解中国文化的深层结构和特质。

Confucianism and Taoism: Differences and Complementation

Differences between Confucius's thinking and that of Laozi represent two blanches of Chinese culture, and ultimately created two distinct cultural traditions of Confucianism and Taoism and the pattern of complementation between the two. The complementation witnessed two climaxes respectively during the Warring States period and the Song and Ming dynasties. In the cultural framework of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism complementing each other after the Song and Ming dynasties , complementation between Confucianism and Taoism predominated. Complementation of the early days was mutual, and later, for the special position of Confucianism, complementation between Confucianism and Taoism was basically complementing Confucianism with Taoism, specifically complementing Confucianism's scantiness and bias. The complementation perfected the Chinese cultural framework and enabled the lives of the Chinese intellectuals to be complete and artistic, giving them a sense of moderateness and balance in their mood and behavior.