实用主义与中国传统语言学

实用主义作为一种基本的哲学思想,深刻地影响了中国的传统语言学。先秦时期,语言学意识萌芽于政治论辩和道德教化之中:汉代训诂学的形成是当时社会提倡"尊儒""解经"的直接产物;音韵学的兴起,根本目的也在于通经释道和诗词歌赋;修辞观的闪现基本上是文论诗话的附属品;语法研究的薄弱,恰好证明了中国传统语言学重实用,轻本体的特征;对汉字形义关系的研究,出发点是为了解释意义,是训诂性的,也是实用性的。中国传统语言学中的实用主义思想,除了"实用"本身的合理性以外,也是中国传统文化的必然结果。

Pragmatism and Chinese Traditional Linguistics

Being a fundamental philosophical thought, pragmatism has deeply influenced Chinese traditional linguistics. In the Early Qin Period, the awareness of linguistics originated from the political debate and the moral doctrines. The formation of the exegetics in the Han Dynasty was the direct product of "respecting the Confucianism" and "Illustrations to the philosophical woks". The emergence of phonology aimed to explain the doctrines and to create the prose poems. The view of the rhetoric is the accessory of the poetry in the literary world. That the study of grammar is weak shows that Chinese traditional linguistics values pragmatics and lays less stress on the object. The study of the relation between the form and the meaning of the Chinese characters aims at explaining the meaning, which is exegetical and pragmatic as well. The pragmatism thought in the Chinese traditional linguistics is the destined result of the Chinese traditional culture, apart from the reasonability in "pragmatic" itself.