作为空间理论家的葛兰西

对分析性的范畴加以空间化和历史化,是安东尼奥.葛兰西实践哲学的基本特征。这些理论运作深深地交织在他的“绝对历史主义”之中。对葛兰西哲学中空间性的强调,不仅有助于我们发现其著作中的诸多地理学主题,而且有助于纠正过分强调其历史主义维度的偏颇。葛兰西对空间隐喻的使用和他对南方问题的讨论,表明应当从空间—时间的视角去阐释他的许多关键性概念,而不仅仅是从社会的、物质的视角去阐释。葛兰西的空间、场所和等级等概念与他对语言、天主教会的意义、知识分子的作用、世界主义、阶级和阶级斗争、美国主义和福特主义、意大利国家的性质、国家权力的社会基础、雅各宾派、消极革命和领导权等问题的分析密切相关。葛兰西对空间、场所和等级的兴趣不仅仅是学术的,也跟他对革命形势的分析不无瓜葛。

Gramsci as A Spatial Theorist

Antonio Gramsci's philosophy of praxis is characterised by the spatialisation as well as historicisation of its analytical categories. These theoretical practices are deeply intertwined in his "absolute historicism". Highlighting the spatiality of Gramsci's analysis not only enables us to recover many geographical themes in his work but also provides a useful counterweight to the emphasis on the historical dimensions of his historicism. In addition to obvious references to Gramsci's use of spatial metaphors and his discussion of the Southern Question, it is shown that many of his key concepts are best interpreted from a spatio-temporal as well as social and material perspective. After introducing the concepts of space, place, and scale, the article shows that all three are relevant to Gramsci's analyses of issues such as language, the historical significance of the Catholic Church, the role of intellectuals, cosmopolitanism, class and class struggle, Americanism and Fordism, the nature of the Italian state, the social bases of state power, Jacobinism, passive revolution, and hegemony. The article concludes that Gramsci's interest in place, space, and scale was not merely academic but had to do with his analysis of revolutionary conjunctures.