20世纪80年代以来“美学热”的话语转型与历史反思

中国20世纪80年代“美学热”的生成与延展来自于感性审美与政治意识形态的二元对抗。人性启蒙和感性解放的历史诉求都通过美学的知识形态得以充分表达,此种学术场景在20世纪80年代末期至20世纪90年代产生了变革。美学被边缘化的原因,一方面是总体化国家领导策略的调整,另一方面则是知识分子公共启蒙的分化。面对市场伦理对大众文化的推动、后现代主义思潮的渗透以及文学审美实践的影响,大众审美文化以面向大众的姿态、平等多元的共存理念和审美意识形态的介入性视角给美学的发展带来的新的契机,形成了从“终结”到“延续”的历时性叙事,“美学热”的精神理念与启蒙热情将持久地影响未来美学的发展。反思从“美学热”到审美文化的美学谱系,也存在“光晕丧失”和“主体困惑”等理论缺失,但也显出更加开放和多元的美学思考空间。

The Dispersion and Reflection of the Great Upsurge of Aesthetics since the 1980s

The Chinese Great Upsurge of Aesthetics in the 1980s generation and extending from the binary confrontation between perceptual aesthetic and political ideology. The history requirements of the human enlightenment and emotional liberation,had fully expressed through the aesthetic knowledge form. This youthful passion of academic scene had differentiation and changed in the late 1980s to 1990s. Examined reason why aesthetic had marginalized,we realized that on the one hand is the adjustment of overall national cultural leadership strategy,on the other hand is the differentiation of public enlightenment intellectuals. In the face of ethics promotion of popular culture, market penetration of postmodernism and the influence of the literary aesthetic practice,aesthetic culture brings new opportunity to the development of aesthetics which through the attitude of the public,equal pluralistic coexistence theory and interventional perspective of aesthetic ideology,had formed diachronic narrative from the "end" to "continuation". The spirit of philosophy and enlightenment enthusiasm of Great Upsurge of Aesthetics will also affect aesthetics'' future process. Reflection spectrum from the Great Upsurge of Aesthetics to aesthetic culture,there were some theoretical defects such as "halo" loss and "subject confusion",but it also give us more open and pluralistic aesthetic thinking space.