马克思自由思想的新起程 ——对《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》的考察

纵观马克思的思想发展史，我们不应简单地把《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》界定为不成熟的作品，从而忽视了其在马克思自由思想演进历程中的里程碑式意义。在其理解的自由实现了从抽象自由到实质自由，即从政治解放到人的普遍解放的转变后，马克思在该文本中正式开始了对人的现实解放道路的求索，这无疑意味着其自由思想的新起程。一方面，马克思找到了人的解放运动的领导力量，即革命性最彻底的无产阶级；另一方面，他提出了实现人的普遍解放的路径，即先进的革命理论与无产阶级革命实践相结合。因此，我们可以从中挖掘到科学社会主义的理论雏形。

A New Start of Marx's Theory of Freedom ——A Study of A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right :Introduction

From the history of Marx''s ideological development, we can see that we should not simply regard A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel''s Philosophy of Right: Introduction as an immature work, so as to ignore its important significance in the development of Marx''s theory of freedom. Only after the freedom he understood could he realize the transformation from abstract freedom to substantive freedom, that is, from political liberation to universal human liberation, Marx began to seek the road of human''s realistic liberation in this article, which undoubtedly means a new start of his thoery of freedom. On the one hand, Marx found the leading force of the human liberation movement, that is, the most revolutionary proletariat. On the other hand, he found the way to realize human''s universal liberation, that is, the combination of advanced revolutionary theory and proletarian revolutionary practice. Therefore, we can find the rudiment of scientific socialism from his article.