论汉代新儒家

在历代鼓吹儒家道统的影响下,人们很容易忽略区分不同历史时期的不同儒家,后世虽有汉儒、宋儒、清儒之类的说法,但对不同时期儒家的不同特点,注意是不够的。汉代新儒家经过叔孙通、公孙弘和董仲舒的发展,理论上日益成熟,继承了先秦儒家学说,以从政、为政为主要目标,在政治实践中不断演变。汉代新儒家适应政治统治的需要,大量吸收和运用阴阳五行学说,兼采各家思想,构造儒家思想的新体系,倡导大一统、君权神授、三纲五常等思想,把先秦儒家思想系统化、理论化、神圣化,有很高的实用价值。汉代新儒家思想理论发展到一定高度之后,加上政治、制度等方面的一些外在影响,它继续前进,又有更新的因素注入,从而继续在理论和方法上更新。东汉从专经到通儒,兼及诸子,到魏晋、隋唐士人转向佛、老探求,直至宋代新儒家的出现。

On the New Confucianism in the Han Dynasty

The influence of the Confucianism in different period had different features.It's different between the Confucianism of the Han Dynasty and the Confucianism of the Earlier Qin Dynasty.The Confucianism aimed at politics mainly in the Earlier Han Dynasty,their school thought theory evoluted endlessly during the political experience.The Confucianism thought of Dong Zhongshu accorded with the trend of the times of the Han Dynasty,initiated gods awarding monarchical power,argued the three cardinal guides & the five constant virtues,and adopted each school thought,quoted the yin & yang five elements theory.The new Confucianism thought developed and poured into the renewed factors,and then replaced in theory and method continuously.