不同信任情景下双元创新对网络惯例的影响

已有研究表明网络惯例是维持并协调技术创新网络运行的关键因素,但是网络惯例形成等方面的研究相对缺乏。探讨不同类型组织间信任情景下技术创新网络中企业的双元创新行为对网络惯例产生的差异性影响,在梳理相关文献的基础上,将组织间信任分为基于认知的信任和基于情感的信任两种,并按照高低程度不同划分为4个不同的信任情景,分别提出双元创新对网络惯例影响的理论假设。以生物制药、电子信息等具有较强研发合作强度和深度的典型行业为对象进行问卷调研,运用多元回归等方法进行统计检验分析。研究结果表明,不同信任情景下双元创新行为对网络惯例的影响不同,在组织间认知信任程度高的情景中,双元创新与网络惯例之间存在正向相关关系,在组织间认知信任程度较低的情景中,维持现状基础上循序发展的渐进性创新方式有利于网络惯例的形成。研究结论有助于深层次揭示网络惯例形成的影响因素,增强对技术创新网络运行内在规律的理解,对企业从更深层次上把握合作创新行为、提升合作绩效具有重要意义。     

网络化组织形式中的信任构建——新制度主义视角

本文针对网络化组织的特征,分析了组织间合作的障碍以及由此产生的管理问题,探讨了关系型治理机制中信任对降低合作的复杂性以及规范合作者行为的促进作用,并在此基础上,考虑网络化组织间合作不同阶段的特点,提出了基于合作周期的三阶段信任建设模型.     

高绩效工作系统、人际信任和组织公民行为的关系——分配公平的调节作用

在实证研究方法基础上,引入认知信任和情感信任作为中介变量,分配公平感作为调节变量,着重探讨高绩效工作系统是否能够通过2种信任对组织公民行为产生积极影响,以及分配公平感能否调节到2种信任对组织公民行为的作用机制。研究结果表明,高绩效工作系统通过认知信任和情感信任对组织公民行为产生积极影响,同时2种信任与组织公民行为之间的相关关系受到分配公平感的调节作用。     

基于信任机理的信息共享式供应链系统模型

合作伙伴间信任关系的博弈分析说明长期合作带来的收益会诱使双方继续合作,从而建立相互信任的关系。信任、合作与信息共享之间是相互促进的作用,基于信任机理的信息共享型供应链管理模型,解决了合作各成员间信息不对称的问题,同时供应链信任关系的长久性需要合理的利益分配机制与具有法律效应的合同约束机制来保证。     

我国非营利组织与政府部门的信任关系研究

本研究以"信任"和"组织之间信任"为切入点,探讨了非营利组织与政府部门之间信任关系类型、相互信任影响因素、信任的产生机制和信任关系形成的模型建构。文章同时具体分析了组织声誉、组织能力、交往经验、沟通与协调、价值目标、资源控制性、可选择性、开放性、第三方权威制约、紧迫性压力、制度公正与正义性、制度完备与有效性因素,对关系型信任、计算型信任、制度型信任和被动压力型信任的影响,最后提出增强政府部门与非营利组织之间相互信任的策略与建议。     

产品创新网络中的信任与信任机制探讨

产品创新是企业在市场不确定性高与激烈竞争环境下保持和获取竞争优势的源泉,产品创新网络实质是基于产权和基于知识两种类型的资源的共享与集成。基于自愿互惠的人际信任是这种隐形资源交流的前提,程序公正产生的制度信任又是产生成员企业自愿共享资源的条件。同时信任还是产品创新网络的一种重要治理形式,信誉机制和战略需求降低了网络成员之间合作的交易成本。     

联盟信任与伙伴机会主义的关系研究——来自我国医院间联盟的证据

传统的交易成本理论认为,信任与机会主义负相关。但在战略联盟背景下,这种观点具有明显的局限性。首先,它只考虑了联盟成员间的善意信任,忽视了能力信任这一重要维度;其次,社会交易理论认为,(善意)信任具有阴暗面(dark sides),从而信任与机会主义之间并不总是线性关系。本文在社会交易理论的基础上,深入分析了善意信任及能力信任对伙伴机会主义的影响,并采用190份我国医院间联盟的数据进行了实证检验。结果表明,善意信任并不是越高越好,过高的善意信任会由于缺少监控而增加伙伴的机会主义行为,从而善意信任与机会主义之间呈现一种先降低后增加的U型关系;能力信任与机会主义之间负相关的假设没有获得通过。     

认知与情感信任、权力距离感和制度控制对领导授权行为的影响研究

本研究探讨了领导对于下属的认知信任和情感信任对不同维度授权行为的影响作用,以及权力距离感和组织制度控制的调节效应.结构方程模型分析的结果表明,领导对于下属的认知信任和情感信任均有助于增加领导的决策参与、信息分享和帮助指导的授权行为,并且,领导的下属认知信任对决策参与的影响作用最大.情感信任对帮助指导和信息分享的影响作用较大.层级回归分析的结果显示,领导的权力距离感和制度控制均对下属认知信任与三维度的授权行为之间的关系具有显著的调节作用.但是,只有制度控制对下属情感信任与三维度授权行为之间的关系调节作用显著.     

高技术虚拟产业集群社会网络信任模式研究

从社会网络理论视角出发,分析高技术虚拟产业集群社会网络信任特征,构建影响关系的三维结构模型,并以直接信任度、间接信任度及信任感知风险度3个维度为核心搭建总体运行框架。在此基础上,构建社会网络动态信任评估模型,综合考虑时间衰减、失信惩罚、推荐可信及风险感知等要素,从多角度全面准确地刻画动态性、复杂性及不确定性。采用Ma-pleSim仿真平台进行模拟仿真结果表明,该信任模式可以约束并遏制恶意失信行为的发生,对潜在合作伙伴选择、提高合作成功率具有较好的效果。     

区域创新网络中的交互学习与信任演化研究

本文在对区域创新网络中交互学习的特征进行分析的基础上,基于博弈理论框架探讨了组织间信任演化的过程及影响因素,提出了交互学习与信任演化的关系模型。结果发现,交互学习和信任演化两者之间呈现出一种"共生效应"的相互作用关系,当两者协同效果一致时,将会显著提升创新网络的知识转移效率与运行绩效;反之,将会降低创新网络的知识转移效率与运行绩效。     

中国创业背景中的信任

本文通过分析创业背景和一般意义上信任概念的差异,以及创业背景下中西方信任概念的差异,根据创业过程思路和多层次多维度思路,提出了中国创业背景中的信任构思。在企业家个体层面上包含特殊信任和普遍信任两个维度,在组织层面上包含基于声誉、特征、制度的信任三个维度。在创业的不同阶段,不同层面上的信任具体内涵和维度会表现出不同的内容。最后根据访谈研究的结果提出了初步结论。     

Do trust and distrust in coopetition matter to performance?

It is widely acknowledged that firms intensely engage in coopetition (i.e., simultaneous cooperation and competition) and obtain unique benefits from such relationships. However, limited knowledge exists about how and when coopetition intensity leads to superior performance. Building on the theoretical work documenting that both trust and distrust are critical for enhancing performance in interfirm relationships, we address the aforementioned gap by looking into the distinct yet beneficial roles of trust and distrust in coopetition. More specifically, we argue that whereas trust likely serves as an intervening mechanism through which coopetition intensity enhances relationship performance, distrust positively influences the association between coopetition intensity and relationship performance. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 225 Swedish firms engaged in coopetition, and provide empirical evidence that trust and distrust play distinct yet important roles in achieving superior performance from coopetition.     

Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration

Leaders have been argued to play a key role in determining organizational effectiveness across all levels (e.g., individual, team, unit) that exist within organizations. A key component in a leader's ability to be effective within such environments is the degree to which subordinates and co-workers trust him/her. Therefore, it is not surprising that researchers and practitioners alike are interested in identifying the mechanisms through which trust in leadership can be developed as well as those factors which moderate this relationship [e.g., Gillespie, N. A., Mann, L. (2004). Transformational leadership and shared values: The building blocks of trust. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19, 588–607; Kouzes and Posner, 1995; Roberts, K. H., O'Reilly, C. A. (1974). Failures in upward communication in organizations: Three possible culprits. Academy of Management Journal, 17, 205–215; Whitener, E. M. (1997). The impact of human resource activities on employee trust. Human Resource Management Review, 7, 389–404]. Despite this, research that has addressed the factors that foster trust in leaders and the outcomes of this trust has been disjointed and, as yet, no comprehensive model has been presented to systematically examine these factors. Therefore, the purpose of this article will be to present an integrative model of trust in leadership.     

个体信任认知对博弈合作行为的影响

将信任认知视为局中人关于对方选择合作的信念,探讨在一次性囚徒困境、有限次重复囚徒困境以及无限次重复囚徒困境中,信任认知对局中人策略选择与系统均衡的影响。为了体现信任认知的动态性,以及降低信任预测的主观性,将动态信任预测认知模型引入到重复博弈的分析框架中。研究表明：当个体的总体信任度超过某一临界值时,合作现象将会在系统中涌现并维持。此外,局中人的本轮满意度、历史直接信任度、直接信任度,间接信任度以及活跃度等因素均对其合作行为产生一定的影响。     

Why do users trust algorithms? A review and conceptualization of initial trust and trust over time

Algorithms are increasingly playing a pivotal role in organizations' day-to-day operations; however, a general distrust of artificial intelligence-based algorithms and automated processes persists. This aversion to algorithms raises questions about the drivers that lead managers to trust or reject their use. This conceptual paper aims to provide an integrated review of how users experience the encounter with AI-based algorithms over time. This is important for two reasons: first, their functional activities change over the course of time through machine learning; and second, users' trust develops with their level of knowledge of a particular algorithm. Based on our review, we propose an integrative framework to explain how users’ perceptions of trust change over time. This framework extends current understandings of trust in AI-based algorithms in two areas: First, it distinguishes between the formation of initial trust and trust over time in AI-based algorithms, and specifies the determinants of trust in each phase. Second, it links the transition between initial trust in AI-based algorithms and trust over time to representations of the technology as either human-like or system-like. Finally, it considers the additional determinants that intervene during this transition phase.     

Follower reactions to leader trust violations: A grounded theory of violation types,likelihood of recovery,and recovery process

This paper explores how trust is violated and restored in the leader–follower relationship by analyzing rich stories in everyday trust violation situations. The results suggest a dichotomy of how violations affect trust and its propensity for repair. Recoverable violations are common occurrences from which trust can be recovered, although repeated instances of this type can destroy trust beyond recovery. The process of recovery involves leaders first openly discussing the violation(s) and then providing plans to avoid future violations. Conversely, irrecoverable trust violations destroy trust to such a degree that it cannot be restored and followers withdraw from the relationship. The study advances our understanding of trust violations by showing that recoverable violations include violations based on integrity, competence, and benevolence. Additionally, the typology of trust violations in these unique relationships promotes further investigation.     

The effect of trust on international joint venture performance in China

The role of trust between the parent companies of international joint ventures (IJVs) is re-examined, and it is suggested that trust between parents is not only a major predictor of the achievement of financial and non-financial goals by IJVs as reported in the literature, but also moderates the relationship between IJV performance and certain contextual factors.Based on the responses of senior executives of IJVs and their parent companies in China, it is confirmed that trust influences IJV performance. The moderating effects of trust on the relationships between IJV performance and local reliance and the experience of executives were confirmed for the senior executive sample, but the moderating effect of cultural distance was not consistent between the firm-level and country-level measures. There was no significant result regarding these moderating relationships for the parent sample, except local reliance.     

战略联盟内部的相互信任及其建立机制

战略联盟是近年来涌现的企业发展战略中极为重要的一种组织形式,也是管理理论界探讨的热门话题之一。本文探讨了战略联盟内部成员企业在组建和运转过程中的相互信任问题,剖析了战略联盟内部相互信任的定义、作用及其形式,并提出了建立相互信任的各种措施。     

Workplace trust as a mechanism of employee (dis)advantage: The case of employee socioeconomic status

Early work on trust in social science highlighted how the lack of trust between individuals can cause social division, contribute to social stratification, and reduce economic opportunities for people from all social groups. We integrate this work with organizational research on antecedents of trust to generate predictions explaining when and why low employee socioeconomic status (SES) can be a barrier to trust. We discuss how this process can impair the success of both organizations as well as their lower-SES employees. We present a model, and data, suggesting that lower-SES employees will be both more distrusted as well as more distrustful relative to their higher-SES colleagues. This, in turn, locks them out of potentially advantageous social and economic exchanges. Our theory adds precision in detecting when and why lower-SES employees face barriers to success in organizations, as well as provides a blueprint for studying the impact of trust on socially disadvantaged groups in organizations.