即时顾客化定制理论框架下企业柔性研究的新思路

本文在回顾生产运作领域内柔性研究的历程与困境基础上，建立了IC理论框架下时间柔性的概念体系；并提出时间柔性研究的思路，以及“运作对象模块化”、“运作信息集成”、“预时间”作为提高时间柔性的核心工具。     

重大工程项目风险管理中的综合集成方法

随着我国计划经济体制向市场经济体制的逐步过渡,重大工程项目所面临的风险越来越大,加强对重大工程项目风险管理的理论研究和实际应用就显得非常重要。本文对重大工程项目中风险的特点进行了剖析,提出了以综合集成方法为指导对重大工程项目进行全寿命动态风险管理的观点,并对如何制订和实施项目风险管理计划作了具体分析。     

复杂决策问题求解的定性与定量综合集成方法

就复杂决策问题求解的定性与定量综合集成方法研究领域中如何实现复杂问题的表示、理解与求解等问题提出了看法 ,并针对复杂决策问题 ,建立了一个更加符合人类思维习惯的综合集成方法三层次理论框架 ,该框架由复杂问题定性简化处理层、复杂问题定量分析层及复杂问题定性定量综合集成求解层三个层次组成 ,同时研析了这三个组成层次的主要研究内容 .本文在运用综合集成方法解决问题过程 ,如何实现人机完美结合问题也作了有益的探索     

泛综合评价信息集成框架求解算法及应用

针对多信息来源、多数据结构的复杂评价问题,对传统评价模式进行拓展并提出了泛综合评价的方法。泛综合评价理论主要为复杂评价信息的整合及求解提供支撑,具体而言主要采用构建信息融合框架的方式对不同类别与结构的多源信息进行整合,并通过随机模拟仿真的方法对信息融合框架的求解算法进行了探讨。由于信息融合框架中包含信息的复杂性增加了框架的求解成本,因而进一步分析了信息集成框架的简化求解算法,并通过算例的方式对信息集成框架简化求解算法的有效性进行了验证。简化求解算法的研究提升了泛综合评价在实际应用中的可操作性。"区域发展绩效的参与式评价"算例的构建,说明泛综合评价的理论为不同利益主体之间的民主决策提供了可能。本文的研究可为大数据背景下群体智慧的挖掘、民主决策的结果分析等实际应用问题提供理论和技术支撑。     

基于综合集成研讨厅的宏观教育决策方法论研究

综合集成研讨厅是钱学森院士提出的将专家智慧和计算机系统以及知识体系有机结合起来而构成的一个智能化的人机系统,本文对复杂系统下宏观教育决策的综合集成研讨厅技术进行了方法论阐释,提出了面向宏观教育决策的综合集成研讨厅的构成体系,建立步骤和基于Internet的综合集成研讨厅的概念框架。     

企业财务风险集成管理研究

财务风险集成管理是风险管理集成化发展的新要求.本文在集成管理理论的基础上,建立具有理念集成、财务风险管理过程集成和组织集成的财务风险集成管理框架,并设计财务风险集成管理系统功能结构体系,运用信息技术实现财务风险的集成管理,实现企业可持续的健康发展.     

供应链组织信任危机可能性灰色群诊断方法

组织信任危机现象是我国当前供应链合作运作中存在的关键问题之一.为了有效避免供应链合作中企业间组织信任危机的发生,进而保证供应链合作的有效性,该文提出了一种进行组织信任危机可能性诊断的灰色群诊断方法.在对组织信任基本特征归集的基础上,使用能够体现信任者经验知识和主观意愿的诊断指标体系构建了一种主观意愿隶属度的量化准则.在分析了信任危机可能性诊断基本特征的基础上,提出了供应链企业信任危机可能性诊断的框架模型.针对该框架的技术实现层,通过形式化技术分别构建了信任危机可能性诊断中的信任者代理主观意愿白化处理机制、多代理灰色群诊断机制和信任危机可能性灰色群诊断集成等关键技术.将该方法应用到一个实例中取得了较好的应用效果.     

产业集群与供应链系统一体化效应分析：一个理论的框架

以时基竞争战略为基础，分析了产业集群与供应链系统在战略目标、组织运作、市场整合、知识集成与扩散等方面一体化所产生的效应，构建了一体化效应理论架构，为产业集群与供应链系统的一体化研究提供理论支持和预先分析支持。     

电子商务运作模式及其战略的比较

近年来,电子商务被商家视为一种获取竞争优势和拓展市场能力的重要手段.本文以电子商务运作的理论研究和实证应用为基础,将电子商务运作和企业网络化连接的模式归纳为主要两种类型层级式网络连接模式和电子化市场网络连接模式,并分别从战略动机、网络化组织形态、网络控制点、交易类型、商品或服务的复杂性、交易双方的关系、信息的搜索和监控成本、客户忠诚度、价值观念、价值链形态、客户转移成本、电子网络的作用等方面对上述两种类型的电子商务策略及其运作模式进行了比较,就此提出两种不同模式下网络化组织运作的战略框架.     

基于信息集成的制造联盟组织模型研究

本文在对制造联盟的基本概念及应用现状进行分析的基础上,分析了制造联盟中的信息集成问题及信息系统应具备的功能以及制造联盟中信息集成的框架和相应特点,最后利用并行工程的思想提出了制造联盟的信息集成组织模型。     

大型建筑工程项目资源配置模型及策略研究——基于系统动力学的建模和仿真

大型建筑工程项目多类型资源的有效配置,是现阶段项目管理理论与工程管理实践面临的关键问题,特别是在考虑工艺顺序和间歇时间的工作可操作性特点,以及多资源之间反馈影响的情况下。通过整合挣值法和系统动力学理论,在分析资源可用性和工作可操作性之间因果关系的基础上,本文构建了大型建筑工程项目多资源配置的系统动力学模型。以上海市重大工程投资统计数据作为模型参数依据,模型的仿真结果表明:建筑工程项目不同类型资源其配置重要性与系统影响性存在显著差异,在制定资源配置策略时应同时考虑项目运作方式的特征与多资源之间的匹配,资源不匹配则容易导致资源配置系统失去稳态或策略失效。这为进一步研究项目管理中多资源配置提供了理论参考和实践支持。     

Towards an integrative framework of performance in product development projects

This paper aims to identify the factors that are associated with high performance in product development projects. The study takes a multidisciplinary approach in order to first explore key characteristics of product development processes. A synthesis of literatures from the fields of organization theory, strategic management, innovation management, project management, and group effectiveness provides the necessary theoretical foundations for analyzing the complex organizational processes that are involved in a typical product development project. The theoretical development that follows leads to the formulation of a series of propositions regarding relationships between product development performance dimensions and a variety of factors. An integrative framework that summarizes the proposed relationships is then developed. The paper concludes with a discussion that focuses on key elements of product-development strategies and management processes and how these can be controlled in order to enhance product development performance.     

项目管理在县城电网建设与改造中的运用

项目管理技术已逐步形成一整套完整的理论与方法体系。本文从项目管理角度阐述了城网建设及改造,并分析了城网工程项目管理特点。同时,结合城网建设及改造实践提出了具体有效的方案措施,对其项目生命周期的各个阶段、管理组织以及进度管理等进行了建设性的探讨。     

Creativity and technological learning: the roles of organization architecture and crisis in large-scale projects

Creativity increasingly takes place in organizational settings best described as large-scale, long-time duration projects. Such projects, directed at the development of complex products such as aircraft, autos and computers, are characterized by high levels of complexity including ambiguity as to the ultimate outcome and design of the product. In developing these types of products, firms design organizational structures that are composed of many multi-functional teams, each responsible for the design of some sub-system of the overall project. Through a process of inductive theory building based on a case analysis of one such organization, we propose that creativity is affected by multiple levels of interdependence. We find that even the best attempts at developing an organizational architecture to handle such complexity are never complete and that periodically crises arise during the design process. These crises are significant events where creativity occurs and new technical knowledge is generated, allowing the organization to realize its project objectives. Although the case analysis centers on the relation of context to creativity, we argue that creativity leads to technological learning, which we define as a form of organizational learning.     

A framework for understanding commitment in the R&D organization

The complex and long-range nature of technological innovation makes commitment particularly important to the R&D organization. Using findings from previous and current research, this paper develops a conceptual framework for understanding commitment in the technology-based organization that may be more precise and meaningful than the traditional, global conceptions. Three general conclusions emerge. First, organizational commitment has positive benefits not only for the organization but also for the individual. Second, given the popularity of the project form of organization in R&D and the deep commitments individuals sometimes make to those projects, some allowance should be made for multi-commitments. Third, one of the most important and least investigated antecedents of organizational commitment is the verbal behavior of the project manager. Some implications of this perspective for future research are presented.     

Delay causes analysis in complex construction projects: a Semantic Network Analysis approach

Delays are among the most crucial adversaries to the success and performance of construction projects, making delay analysis and management a critical task for project managers. This task will be highly complicated in large-scale projects such as construction, which usually consist of a complex network of heterogeneous entities in continuous interaction. Traditional approaches and methods for the analysis of delays and their causes have been criticised for their ability to handle complex projects, and for considering the interrelationships between delay causes. Addressing this gap, this research introduces an alternative approach for delay causes analysis by adopting Semantic Network Analysis (SNA) method. The paper reports the results from an investigation of delays in construction projects in the Oil-Gas-Petrochemical sector using SNA. The method’s capacity to identify and rank delay causes, which can assist managers in selecting appropriate measures for eliminating them, are empirically examined and discussed. The paper argues that SNA leads to a more comprehensive understanding of the main causes of delay in large and complex projects, allowing a better identification and mapping of the interrelationships between these discrete factors.     

Task Design,Team Context,and Psychological Safety: An Empirical Analysis of R&D Projects in High Technology Organizations

High technology organizations need to develop new products or processes that address the dual goals of exploration and exploitation. The competing viewpoints and the asymmetric nature of market returns associated with these goals in R&D projects can heighten stress levels among project team members and reduce their psychological safety. While current research calls for greater focus on task design for improving psychological safety, we know little about how team contextual factors affect this relationship. This study develops and tests a conceptual framework that examines the moderating role of R&D team contextual factors, namely, relative exploration and project‐organization metric alignment on the relationship between a key task design variable, namely, team autonomy, and psychological safety. Relative exploration captures the extent to which exploration goals are emphasized over exploitation goals in an R&D project, while project‐organization metric alignment measures the extent to which project metrics are aligned with broader organizational metrics. Furthermore, we examine the performance consequences of psychological safety in R&D projects. The empirical analysis is conducted using primary data collected from multiple informants across 110 R&D projects in 34 high technology business units. Our results indicate that relative exploration and project‐organization metric alignment have contrasting moderating effects. Furthermore, the effect of psychological safety on project performance is found to be indirect and mediated through team turnover. Implications of the study findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.     

多资源约束下基于关键链的项目群工期-费用优化

现有工期压缩模型未考虑资源约束下多合同项目工期压缩所产生的局部效应与整体效应,针对这一局限性,通过引入子网络,分析了基于关键链法的项目群工期—费用优化机理,据此,对项目群初始网络计划进行工期优化。借助关键链,除去计划工期的冗余时间,动态调整存在资源冲突的合同项目开始时间。在此基础上,分析工期动态优化对关键链和非关键链合同项目压缩费用产生的不同影响以及对子网络自身和项目群的影响。基于此,研究并构建了多资源受限下单一子网络和项目群工期-费用优化模型。最后,结合算例,分析了优化模型的可行性和优势。研究结果表明：模型能够有效地解决资源约束下项目群计划调整和工期-费用优化问题,从而能够为业主科学安排项目群中各合同项目的起始时间和资源计划提供依据。     

Project Success: A Multidimensional Strategic Concept

This article presents projects as powerful strategic weapons, initiated to create economic value and competitive advantage. It suggests that project managers are the new strategic leaders, who must take on total responsibility for project business results. Defining and assessing project success is therefore a strategic management concept, which should help align project efforts with the short- and long-term goals of the organization. While this concept seems simple and intuitive, there is very little agreement in previous studies as to what really constitutes project success. Traditionally, projects were perceived as successful when they met time, budget, and performance goals. However, many would agree that there is more to project success than meeting time and budget. The object of this study was to develop a multidimensional framework for assessing project success, showing how different dimensions mean different things to different stakeholders at different times and for different projects. Given the complexity of this question, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and two data sets were used. The analysis identified four major distinct success dimensions: (1) project efficiency, (2) impact on the customer, (3) direct business and organizational success, and (4) preparing for the future. The importance of the dimensions varies according to time and the level of technological uncertainty involved in the project. The article demonstrates how these dimensions should be addressed during the project’s definition, planning, and execution phases, and provides a set of guidelines for project managers and senior managers, as well as suggestions for further research.     

重大工程复杂性与适应性组织——港珠澳大桥的案例

 重大工程通常由技术难度、系统关联性、未知因素存在巨大差异的异质性子工程组成，不同子工程往往采取不同的组织模式。传统权变理论认为，不同的外部环境需要采用不同的组织模式，组织的构建要适应外部环境的不确定性。但在重大工程中，子工程本身及其环境的复杂性均会产生不确定性，组织模式的选择和构建与子工程的复杂性具有重要的联系。因此，有必要从复杂性的视角解释重大工程的组织多样化现象。        在梳理重大工程复杂性及组织适应性研究的基础上，选择港珠澳大桥工程中的岛隧工程、钢结构工程、路面铺装工程、海事工程等子工程的组织管理实践作为研究对象，通过访谈、参与式专家和文档资料等方式获取相关数据，从复杂性视角对子工程进行分类，界定重大工程适应性组织概念，解析重大工程中不同子工程采取不同组织模式的适应性组织现象，总结构建适应性组织的路径。        基于重大工程复杂性的具体表现即工程技术方案与外部环境的关联性和认知不完备性，构建子工程复杂性评价指标体系，据此将子工程分为复杂性工程、创新性工程、关联性工程和简单工程4种类型；提出重大工程适应性组织概念；得出重大工程适应性组织构建的路径包括组织需求设计和匹配、工程主体创新和构建、组织系统形成和集成、组织职能实现和协同4个步骤。        研究旨在提出重大工程适应性组织概念，揭示重大工程组织模式选择和构建的机理及动态过程，说明重大工程组织模式与工程复杂性之间的关联性，指导其他重大工程组织管理模式的选择和构建。由于单案例研究的局限性，有必要在其他重大工程中对所提出的重大工程适应性组织概念及适应性组织构建过程进行进一步的完善和验证。